Achievements of the EU

Achievements of the EUMao JulinHay JeanLeang PiseyKim ChansreynichHao Kanhamonisopea scroll KimsourEuropean Union (EU) is a union formed by in general European countries, which is assureed in term of economy and politics. Its origin is European Community that form every(prenominal)y created in November 1, 1993 which involves with6 members-Belgium, Ger some, France, Italy, Luxembourg and Netherland. Nowadays, there be 28 members. EUs headquarter is located in Brussels, Belgium. So far, European Union has r for each oneed more achievements such as the promotion and expansion of cooperation with its fraction States in sparing, get by, social issues, foreign policy, security, defense, and judicial issues. Anformer(a) major acquirement of EU is the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) that makes EU succeed in having a single currency (EURO) along with a communal pecuniary policy.EU is famous for its economy on which many countries around the population are macrocosm foc riding habi td. Economic integration is one of the main goals that EU has considered since its original establishment in 1957, and it has a signifi lavatorytly visible mastery based on fundamentally by a single currency-the Euro. It is a crude currency in the circle of euro athletic field that recently tooshie facilitate the financial circulation in 18 countries of the member states. Interestingly, its achievement of fit the second largest currency of the world after dollars has pushed the European communitys economy to flourish further. Euro contributes to maintain the stability and prospect of economic confederacy climate, which attract more investment and international or regional trade through the convenient calculation without involving with the foreign exchange rate.The common monetary policy has been adopted in graze to acquire greater achievement, common objective and ensure benefits of all euro area states that use euro as their currency. In addition, cross-border trade and in vestment are the ultimate goal of Euro zone countries. EU re give the sackd trade barriers in order to facilitate the flow of goods and services, which arsehole fill in each others gap betwixt the Member States. The common purpose is to increase competition and take off all restriction obstacles of the free movement of goods in the Common merchandise so that they go off accelerate the economic development. The mobility of products, goods and capital facilitate kind consumption within the region. Moreover, the free movement of capital is intended to license movement of investments such as property purchase and buying of shares in the midst of countries. All intra-EU transfers in euro are considered as domestic payments and bear the interchangeable domestic transfer costs. Another EU achievement is a alleged(prenominal) Custom Union, which was established in an attempt to adopt the common organization for imports from other countries based on common external tariff, pass ons to all members. This elbow grease is made to develop the world trade and facilitate trade beyond border from all countries around the world.What is more important about its achievements is to establish a society with the same rule for contrary nationalities for example, people from each country in the name as membership of EU lav possibly travel and move freely to settle down, work, retire, or vote, all permanently or temporarily, without any discrimination. For students who want to get under ones skin cross-border education. Thousands of students from EU citizen can get a common standard of education simultaneously experience intercultural understanding and good condition of living and studying in other European member states annually. Due to common passport creation, it has been granted to EU people in order to be indicated as EU citizen and move freely.Along with its accomplishment in term of economy, EU is most recognised because of its fame related to regional stability. It is proved that EU is a confederation organization, which is created on behalf of the promotion of stability and peace within the entirely region. As many wars and conflicts have happened across the world year-on-year, EU has been seeking to promote tranquility. Simultaneously, EU has sided human rights, democracy, and law promotion. Crucially, EU has been concentrated on the right of children, women, minorities, and displaced people, and it seeks to abate death penalty, torture, racism and discrimination in any other cases. In the mean clipping, EU has struggled to promote justice to be widespread in the whole area by giving all citizens in all 28 members with fair jurisdiction. The European security and Defense was established in order to promote peace, prevent conflict and ensure security externally and internally. It excessively has the ability to take action in peacekeeping mission to hire peace in the world scale. It has reinforced its external security by fighting again st any terrorism. For instance, in the autumn of 2001, the European Council agreed on a common definition of terrorism, an EU-wide search and arrest warrant, and a common list of suspected terrorist organizations. The European police co-operation agency, Europol, was given a consecrate anti- terrorism unit and there was increased sharing of intelligence by national agencies. Common standard for the retention of communication data entrust make it harder for terrorists to communicate easily in the EU.EU has been trying to provoke the forest of food rather than expanse the quantity, they simply makes sure that their foods and nation products in European market is what their consumers need- healthy nutritious and affordable price. By doing this, EU has decided to create CAP (Common Agriculture Policy) which was launched in 1960s, and it is being cooperated with all the Member States of European Union. Its purpose is to set the conditions that will allot farmers to fulfill their mu ltiple functions in the society the first of which is to produce quality food. Additionally, the CPA aims to improve agricultural productivity, help farmers facing climate change, provide them with financial assistance and manage the using of natural resources prudently. For this reason, EU farmers can make a reasonable living and in the same time conserve the environment.Meanwhile, the EU is also working on the environment by choosing the method of recycling tri-selectif or waste sorting which is really applicative among the European states. Waste Sorting is the process which waste is separated into different elements- dry and wet. The 3R that consists in waste sorting are Recycling, Reusing and Repairing. To protect the environment, EU chooses to ratify this regulation everywhere in Europe, so far all the acts, which oppose to the rule of waste sorting, will be counted as penalty. Moreover, the use of plastic bag is prohibited in the large commercial area such as supermarkets or hypermarkets. Theyve been working on the environment for many decades by safeguarding water, air and soil.In brief, we can see that EU has effect many accomplishments. Even though EU has met some futilities such as failure of Kyoto and European Energy Policy, its still considered as the first successful integration community in the world. Recently, ASEAN community, which is going to have an economic integration in 2015, is looking at EU as a good model and trying to be as successful as possible.

The definition, history and importance of environmental auditing

The definition, annals and importance of environmental inspectingIntroductionEnvironmental auditing is defined by the multinational chamber of commerce as the dodgingatic examination of the inter runs between whatever pedigree operation and its surroundings. This includes all emissions to aerate, land, and water legal constraints the hearts on the neighbouring community, landscape and ecology and the universes perception of the operating friendship in the topical anesthetic area. An environmental audit does not stop at compliance with legislation. Nor is it a common-washing public relations exercise. Rather it is a total strategic progression to the organisations activities (International chamber of commerce, 1991). All business enterprisees use resources and produce dissolution as much(prenominal)(prenominal) they bring an install be it direct or indirect on the environment. Thus, environmental auditing is in place to monitor and regulate an organisations stupor on the environment. This element of corporate social responsibility has attracted the most at extion in new-fangled years (Clarke, 1998) and this is a reflection of the growing importance confederation place on environmental anaesthetizes. This essay volition accede environmental auditing in further detail before base on to talk about the key motions and the key stages which took place in the festering of foreign auditing. Further more, Tesco and crush exit be used to gameylight how environmental auditing has affected these organisations strategies and business models before finally drawing conclusions as to the emerging of the issue.Before discussing the victimization of environmental auditing since the 1970s, it is first important to clarify what is meant by environmental auditing. The enclosure auditing is one which is used far more widely than just the hindrance of accounts, and therefore it is important to determine what is meant by auditing in the specific t ype of environmental auditing (Gray, 2000). An environmental audit report forget identify the forms and classes of waste produced by an organisation. This may be completed privately by an external auditor, or may be the result of pressure from activist groups in which much(prenominal) an audit is demanded. Either way, often the result is a self-importance reporting by the organisation detailing their waste disposal and early goals regarding environmental issues.The objectives of this report are focused on trace the exploitation of environment auditing over last several years. In chapter two, I will analyze the write up of environmental auditing, changes, trends and developments. And then chapter three and chapter four will move on to discuss how environmental auditing has affected the implements of two heavy(p) multinationals cuticle and Tesco. The case studies will cover the adoption process of environmental auditing, how companies have had to change their approach pattern s to meet changes in legislation over while, and, a review of any action which has been taken against companies, referable to the neglect of environmental practices. Finally, chapter five will synthesise the ideas of this paper to draw conclusions as to the apparent direction environmental auditing will take in the future.CHAPTER TWOThe invoice of environmental auditing, changes, trends and developmentsThis essay will now discuss the history of environmental auditing since the 1970s. This period of time has been covered because it contains some of the most prominent events that have been fundamental in the determination of more authorized trends that can be observed within the last ten years. Although environmental auditing is not a recent phenomenon, and is one which can be traced back to the graduation of the ordinal century, it was in the 1970s in which the situation gained prominence (Owen, 2003 p.6) when the clean assembly channel act was first legislated. The clean ai r act can be seen as the birth of environmental awareness, in which the US government took action to reduce air pollution in roll to enhance air quality. Businesses in the US were do to concur with the legislation, and this could often involve the execution of instrument of costly stop measures in order to reduce pollution, especially for those organisations relate in high waste sectors (Hess, 2000). This legislation reflected a growing awe throughout developed nations in the 1970s regarding environmental quality, which was seen at the time as a pressing political concern. Earth daylight, a significant event in 1970 acted as a national catharsis in which society pushed for change regarding environmental issues. Great pressure was locate on manufacturing industries and, change magnitude media attention was given to those firms which were seen to be having a detrimental effect on the environment (Environmental protection agency, 2010). The clean air act of 1970 was followed by the clean water act in 1972. The development of acts relating to environmental issues was late picking up pace which was causing change magnitude concern to firms, which were mostly the only opposition to such acts. Perhaps the most salient development in this period was the event which saw Allied Chemical indicted on account of 1094 pollution violations and forced to set up a system which monitored environmental risk (Groves and Pearce, 2005). The move to punish companies for bad environmental practice was a key development in environmental auditing and saw the etymon of a series of fines for those companies failing to comply with safe environmental practices. This is something which has aim commonplace over the last ten years with a trend of increasing stringency regarding the governmental measurement of a firms environmental impact and, the appropriate measures of control.During the 1980s there was an increasing awareness of environmental issues politi holloy, which ligh t-emitting diode to the organisation of a professional auditing team to discuss environmental auditing in 1981. This was the first time in which environmental auditing had been discussed by an accountancy team, and by 1983, firms were already beginning to implement environmental audits. By 1986 the EPA had published an ordained policy report regarding environmental auditing this could be seen as a call out to all other firms to follow safe environmental practices. The peculiar(a) focus on this initial report beingness, that environmental auditing would help wellness and safety around the workplace. Meanwhile, in academic literature, the concept of environmental auditing was beginning to receive attention. This led to an increase in academic awareness of the musical theme which resulted in the conceptualisation and clarification of the topic (Cahill and Kane, 1984). During the last decade, there has been an increasing amount of publications surrounding the topic of environmental auditing, and this has led to a great understanding of what it constitutes. Furthermore, there have been an increasing number of regulatory bodies ensuring that nonindulgent regulations are in place and that firms activities are closely monitored (Porter Linde, 1999). It can to a fault be noted that, since this period, where accountants were first consulted on the matter, there has been a recent trend within the last ten years whereby more and more intangible activities have been allocated quantifiable tangible cost, such that firms can be taxed and charged (Bovenberg Mooji, 1997).It is noted that throughout history, environmental auditing has been driven by catastrophic events that have caused significant environmental distress. It has been events such as these that have created pressure, which has been put on companies such as Shell, to implement preventative measures rather than measures which are responsive. The Union Carbide resultant in India in 1984 caused many compani es to sit up and relent attention to environmental concerns. The pesticide factory had failed to take appropriate actions to care the disposal of waste gas and, during an evening in 1984, 3400 people were killed and 50,000 were made invalid ascribable to a poisonous gas leak. The report that followed the incident highlighted how the familiarity had known there were problems with the pipe and that this could cause such an event, however, the accompany had chosen to ignore it as a way of cutting (short term) costs (Long, 2008). Other major events during the 1980s included the Exon Valdez oil loss (Maki, 1991) and the Chernobyl nuclear leak. During the last ten years there has been a leading light reduction in the amount of environmental disasters caused by neglect or incompetence on the part of firms. This is due to the influence of modern day environmental auditing which has caused companies to direct their focus towards tighter preventative measures rather than compositors ca se potentially substantial costs.The 1990s saw the development of legislation regarding environmental concerns. Furthermore, companies began to introduce more sophisticated environmental auditing systems (Siniscalco et al, 2000). In the last decade, there has been a remarkable growth in the number of companies that report on miscellaneous aspects of both their environmental and social policy (Owen, 2003). Such a purloin in environmental auditing has continued consistently and remains to do so. concisely there has been a growth in the amount of companies focused on environmental auditing.Furthermore, in the last ten years there has been a rise in the amount of self auditing which is occurring within companies. The EPA has introduced a plan in which companies can audit their own practices. This involves, the company in question, being able to report problems and even criminal violations without punishment, the caveat being that such problems are fixed. This therefore reflects a de velopment from environmental auditing being viewed as merely the checklist of the 1980s and 1990s to one which is more focused on managerial processes (Hiemstra, 2007).CHAPTER THREEShell and environmental auditingThe Shell Oil heap is no stranger to environmental fines. Most recently, the company were forced to pay $19.5million in environmental fines due to violations at gas stations in the state of California (ABC news, 2009). The company have a long history of environmental fines, and, most noticeable is the $1.5 billion dollars the company had to pay due to oil spills in Nigeria (Baker, 2006). Increasingly stringent legislation has caused the firm to face up to their actions, with negative effects on the companys bottom line profits. No longer can the company get away with negative environmental actions and both governments and regulatory bodies will continue to punish the corporation until preventative measures are taken. Thus, it could be argued that the development of environ mental auditing has had a negative effect on the firm. In response to such changes in environmental auditing, the company are taking increasing preventative measures in order to turn away the burden of large fines, and, to promote a greener grasp to clients. This is reflected through the companys website in which a section highlights their commitment to the environment (Shell, 2010). Over the last ten years Shell have put an increasing amount of public prevention plans into place, thus highlighting how the company have responded to changes in environmental auditing by taking preventative rather than responsive measures.However, in spite of greater reporting of their environmental practices, the company have come under scrutiny regarding their independent environmental audits. In 2008, the company were accused of manipulating an environmental audit report so as to gain financial support for a new oil and gas project. It was shown through various reports that the company were attem pting to inform and edit environmental criticism (Environmental Leader, 2008 p.1) . This therefore presents an inherent problem with environmental auditing, that those firms with something to hide will often try to cover up reports of insurance by manipulating external auditors. It can therefore be observed that, despite attempts to appear greener and offer preventative methods, Shell Oil Corporation lifelessness have a long way to go before they comply with all EPA regulations, and, until then, the company will continue to be fined for activities causing damage to the surrounding environment.CHAPTER FOURTescos and environmental auditingTescos provide a prime physical exertion of the recent changes and trends that have occurred and developed over the last ten years, peculiarly the increasing trend of companies using environmental auditing as a marketing tool and as a means of competing with rivalling supermarkets such as Morrisons, MS, Sainsburys and Waitrose. In 2006, Sainsbu rys announced the launch of its ethical business drive in order to win back the green moral high ground from Tesco (Mesure, 2006). This followed Tescos high profile green initiatives whereby less plastic bags were used and carbon emissions were decreased. Sainsburys had in fact implement green stores 7 years previous to this, however, due to Tescos actions being more visible to the public through superior marketing, this was not sufficiently effective on a competitive level. This perfectly encapsulates the current trends by which companies have moved from preventative measures of environmental problems, as a result of environmental auditing, towards the use of environmental auditing for the purpose of marketing the business and increasing its popularity among potential consumers within the market. This, however, potentially raises the presently salient issue of green washing, something that Tesco, in particular, have come under criticism for in recent years (Pierce, 2009). This usu ally involves the production and marketing of misleading reports regarding green standards, which raises issues of ethics in advertising. This has resulted in increasingly stringent environmental audits and more demanding standards that mean that it is becoming all the more difficult for companies such as Tesco to evade the associated penalties (Maltby, 1995). With this considered, and due to the often beneficial nature of sustainable practices on efficiency and popularity and, therefore, shareholder wealth, it would seem reasonable to predict that in the future, we will see less need for stringent external environmental auditing, as more companies will realise the long term financial and competitive benefits that are associated with lofty efficiency goals (Porter Linde, 1999).CHAPTER FIVEThe future of environmental auditingFrom the above analyse conclusions can be drawn as to the future of environmental auditing. Firstly, there appears to be a current trend in the actions of comp anies moving from correction to preventative measures (Hiemstra, 2007). The Environmental protection agency, as mentioned, is encouraging a process of self auditing and this is likely to be an increasing trend for the future in which more and more firms become pro active towards such issues. Furthermore, in the future, there is likely to be a greater organisation that an emphasis on environmental practices can enhance bottom line profits. Such a trend is apparent now as firms such as Morrisons use environmental audits to promote a green image to their consumers which in turn could be said to be contributing to the company being voted retailer of the year.Another trend, as reflected in the example of Morrisons, is the increasing reporting of a companys carbon footprint. As evidence of the global climate crisis increases, more emphasis of such issues will be included in environmental audits, with the likelihood that this area will become a aboriginal project for many companies (Hie mstra, 2007). It can be concluded that the development of environmental auditing will increase, and it will develop into something which is no longer having to be enforce on firms, as firms begin to realise the benefits of good environmental practice and thus begin to self regulate. However, as shown in the cases of both Tescos and the Shell Oil Corporation, there are examples where such companies are shown to manipulate environmental audits, and thus, this calls for more stringent, stricter processes in the future in which firms truly do strive independent audits which continue to be regulated to a high standard.

Photovoltaics in the Energy Industry and Nanotechnology

Photovoltaics in the goose egg Industry and NanotechnologyNanotechnologyThe field of nanotechnology dates back to the later(a) 1950s when theoretical physicist Richard Feynman gave his famous talk cal conduct Theres Plenty of Room at the Bottom. In his talk, he introduced the concept of the control and manipulation of objects i.e. atoms, molecules, at a minute scale. It was K. Eric Drexler who popularised the term nanotechnology after using it in the title of his concord Engines of Creation The Coming Era of Nanotechnology. The term nanotechnology kitty be delimit as the science of studying very small things or in some other words studying things at the nanoscale (1-100nm).During the latter part of the twentieth century increasing advances in microscopy technology much(prenominal) as SFM, AFM and TEM allowed scientists to spate nano members. A particles properties bang-uply changes when the particle is in the nanoscale range. This is due to the Quantum Effects phenomena. P roperties such as melting point, fluorescence, electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, and chemical reactivity ar vastly altered as the size of it of a particle reaches the nanoscale. As a result of the quantum effects that occur at this scale, a temporals properties gage be tuned to give a desired property by changing the size and shape of the particle. There argon however many other parameters that affect a materials properties these will be run short more(prenominal) unornamented later.A simple example where a materials properties change with reducing size to the nanoscale is that of the element grand. To the human eye gold appears to be a color colour while nanoscale gold a reddish colour is observed. This is as a result of the previously mentioned quantum effects, in this case the electrons of nanoscale gold particles are trapped (confined) and as a result react differently with unclouded giving a different colour. This trapping of electrons property (quantum confinement) will save discussed later.As a result of the many desirable properties that are play in nanomaterials, numerous industries and fields alike occupy and are underdeveloped applications incorporating nanotechnology. The previously mentioned example of gold nanoparticles are utilised within a bite applications of the medical fabrication. Biomedical applications for laser phototherapy, therapeutic agents as healthy as drug carriers have all been developed using gold nanoparticles. 1The previously stated property of plusd reactivity that occurs at the nanoscale relates to another specific property nanomaterials attain. As the size of a particle decreases the surface area increases. This increase in surface area has a profound effect on the reactivity betwixt materials i.e. greatly raise reactivity. A number of different applications benefit from this nanoscale property including applications relating to the vitality manufacturing such as catalysts, naught storag e and energy spiritual rebirth devices.Nanotechnology has led to fabrication of novel devices and equipment and also many applications in a mannequin of fields none more so than the energy industry. Although several strides have been made in recent years in new technologies in the energy, current technologies cannot cope with man kinds ever increasing demand for energy. Therefore, on that point still remains a need to develop new sustainable energy technologies without detrimentally effecting the environment. Many leading experts in the energy industry believe that nanotechnology is the way forward to nurseing these energy issues. 2,3Photovoltaics in the Energy Industry Nanotechnology has in recent decades been hold backd into a number of technologies in the energy industry that utilise solar radiation as an energy source. Exploiting the suns energy is by far one of the most suitable ways out of all the renewable energy resources that exist for a number of reasons. Solar energ y is free and basically limitless as solar energy provides approximately 15,000 times more energy in a year than is actually needed to meet the worlds current energy demands. 2According to a 2014 renewable energy report by Eurostat the standard of renewable energy produced by EU member states increased by 73.1% between 2004 and 2014. Despite this increase only 16% of the EUs total energy consumption was from the renewable energy sector. The majority of the rest of the energy that was consumed came from fogey can based energy sources. Of the total renewable energy consumed, solar energy accounted for only 6.1% of total amount. These statistics highlight the improvements have been made in incorporating renewable energy, but also highlight the potential there is to fuse more solar based renewable energy. 3The need to incorporate more renewable energy and replace existing fossil fuel based energy resources such as coal, gas and oil stems from their blackball environmental impact. T he ever increasing global temperatures are directly relating to uprise CO2 levels, this is in part is as a result of the increase in the consumption of fossil fuels since the industrial revolution and peaking today in the early 21st century.The lack of utilisation of solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics (The 2014 GSR report indicates only 1.2% of global electricity achievement comes from photovoltaics) despite it being free and its wide abundance is largely due to represent. 4 It is the main reason why photovoltaic devices have failed to become more mainstream especially in comparison to non-renewable based energy sources whos cost per Watt of electricity are generally lower. The price of electricity produced from photovoltaics has sure enough decreased in recent years as outlined in the Renewables 2016 Global Status Report. Prices in Germany for photovoltaic electricity have been quoted to be as low as 0.08/kWh which is comparable to the equivalent price of lifelike gas. Despite this figure the costs of photovoltaic electricity can be further be reduced with continued advances in its technologies.Electricity is produced in PV solar cellular phones by conversion of photons from the light harnessed from the sun, otherwise cognise as the photoelectric effect. Traditionally PVs are fabricated using atomic number 14 wafer based solar cells. These wafers comprised of crystalline silicon are generally between 150-300 nm in thickness and these largely remain the main material in PV fabrication today. A variation to these PV devices includes utilising semiconducting thin films on top of complimentary silicon wafers. This method is a much more cost effective method but suffers from poor photon to electricity conversion rates. 2The integration of nanomaterials specifically nanocrystals in the fabrication PV devices can curb some of the limitations that currently exist. First, the ability to control the energy bandgap provides flexibility and inter-chan geability. bite nanostructured materials enhance the effective optical path and significantly decrease the opportunity of charge recombination. Thirdly and most significantly solar cells utilising nanocrystals have shown great potential as a low cost alternative to formulaic solar cells. Solution based synthesis methods such as the colloidal method has a relatively straight forward process. The solution containing nanocrystals can easily and efficiently be incorporated into a solar cell using a number of low cost deposition techniques. As well as these facts copper based nanocrystals have attracted a flock of attention due to their abundance and low cost, which further emphasises the probability of nanocrystals alternate conventional solar cells. depend 1 below provides contrasting schematics of the conventional silicon based solar cells against the new generation of solar cells.Figure 1. Conventional vs Nanostructured Solar cells.2

Marketing Plan For Tui Travel Plc Tourism Essay

selling jut out For Tui trip up Plc Tourism EssayThis section resumes the trade opport social unities, strategy and financial intents for senior manager who atomic number 18 in charge with the approval of the merchandising plan.TUI tour PLC is looking to extend its already integrated operations by opening a sightseeing division. The pilot exit be kill in the UK, as London is one of the study destinations for everyplaceseas snuff itlers. The high society every last(predicate)ow for be able to compete with the sightseeing at local anaesthetic level and the pilot out of London tour, which provides the same attr proceedings as the common chord already established sightseeing tour operators.The product leave be offered to any our nodes, orientated princip onlyy to families and empty nesters.The primary marketing objective is in line with the corporate policies of integrating and offering customers a customised benefit suitable to their needs.2 BUSINESS OVERVIEWTUI AG is considered the tip integrated touristry provider in europium, it is divided in deuce-ace sectors TUI Travel PLC, TUI Hotels Resorts and the sail shops Hapag-Lloyd Kreuzfahrten and TUI Cruises.TUI Travel PLC was formed in 2007 by the merge of scratch plectrum PLC and the Tourism Division of TUI AG. The company operates in four sectors Mainstream, Specialist and acclivitous Markets, Activity and Destination and Accommodation. gibe to Interbrand, the success of TUI AG as a stack is the message embedded in its mission statement putt a smile on peoples faces, along with their corporate culture of excellency aim to provide customers with an unforgettable experience during their holidays, trance reinforcing sustainability in all its destinations.TUI Travel PLC possesses the strengths inherent from being part of a major corporation including brand awareness, comprehensive run, leading domestic player. The gravestone opportunities come from the spliff ventures and th e growth in hotel industry. Its principal weakness is dependence in the European market also face the threats of challenger from low price carriers and retardation in the markets economy.StrengthsBrand AwarenessTUI Travel PLC operates principally through First pickaxe and Thompson, both have a reputation for servicing the unemployed travel customer, providing differentiated and flexible options to meet changes in demand.Comprehensive operateHaving a broad range of services, the companys operations cover the whole touristry segments and the diverse stages of a holiday from retail, tour operating, flying and accommodation up to additional services at the destination.The company owns a network of travel agencies with active presence in much than 15 markets in Europe, as well as a fleet of aircraft through TUI Fly. TUI Hotels provides hotel accommodation to its non-homogeneous destinations. Additionally, the company offers luxury and premium class sail liners through its Hapag -Lloyd Kreuzfahrten vocalize venture.Leading domestic playerThe company supplies travel services for over 30 million customers from 27 source markets. It also provides airline services with a fleet of more than 146 aircraft and 350 retail shops in Europe. Additionally, TUI Hotels Resorts is considered the leading hosteller in Europe with around 243 hotels with approximately 154,000 beds in 28 countries. The major brands of hotels include Riu, Grupotel, Iberotel, Robinson, Grecotel, Magic Life, and Dorfhotel.WeaknessesDependence on EuropeTUI AG is greatly dependant on Europe for its income generation, around 79% of its r razeues. High nidus of operations in a single region emergence the companys chances to more diverse risk photograph such as local factors i.e. glare demand, severe weather conditions, labor strikes, change in regional laws and economical conditions, thus constraining the ability for growth.OpportunitiesJoint venture agreementsIn work 2009, TUI Travel and Ai r Berlin come into a long-term strategic partnership for their German sector flight segment, based on a come home ownership where TUI Travel, through a subsidiary, go a f changeion have an interest of 19.9% in Air Berlin.Growing global hotels and motels industryThe worldwide hotels and motels sector has observe a major growth in repenny years. The industry capital punishment is anticipated to recover except. With well-built geographic presence in hotel industry, TUI Hotel Motel is well piazzaed to learn advantage of this opportunity head on.TreatsEconomic slowdown in EuropeSince the companys revenues rely on the general economic conditions of the region and the economic position of Europe is pop the questioned to be weak after the recent funny house in financial markets and consumer attitude, it could reduce the demand for the companys products and services.Competition from low cost airlinesWhereas traditionalistic airlines are encountering rigorous challenges such as el imination of routes and bring down staff, the low cost sector carry on expanding at a incredible rate, trends show that the low cost carriers are nice leading players on a considerable number of intra-European short -haul point-to-point routes. Strong competition from low cost airlines could negatively influence the companys operations.3 MARKET OVERVIEWAlthough the touristry industry had a steady growth over the last a few(prenominal) years, it is evident that it is not immune to the effects of economic and health alerts. According to the Office for National Statistics, the number of visits to the UK fell in 2008 for the first quantify since 2001, oversea residents made 31.9 million visits to the UK in 2008 compared with 32.8 million in 2007, a fall of 2.7 per cent. Despite the decline in the number of visits, spending on trips to the UK reached record levels during 2008 overseas residents coming to the UK spent a total of 16.3 billion, an increase of 2.3 per cent on the 2007 figure (published 16th July 2009)1However the same office, has account that in the three months to February 2010, compared with the previous three months, the seasonally adjusted results from the international Passenger Survey showed that Overseas residents visits to the UK increased by 2 per cent to 7.5 million. Figures for the most recent months are provisional and subject to revision in light of (a) more accurate data on passenger figures becoming purchasable at the end of each quarter (published 15th April 2010)2Although the figures preceding(prenominal) only represent the winter trends, demotes an indication of improvement in the market. TUI Travel PLC, could see such indication as an opportunity to get citadel in the market in the upcoming.3.1 CUSTOMER INFORMATIONThe company uses a policy based on its brand identification, for example First Choice is aimed primarily to families, while Thompson has characte bob upd its segment target to be oriented to couples and senio rs. twain segments assumed to have additional disposable income.3.2 SERVICE INFORMATIONAs previously stated, the company offers an integrated range of tourist services, personalised gibe to customers demands and needs.Thus, in order to integrate further its operations the aim of this project is to highlight the relevance of a sightseeing venture to facilitate the overseas customers visiting UK for example.4 OBJECTIVESThe key objectives for the UK sightseeing division under TUI Travel PLC areFurther integration of services provide to overseas customers. last out with the differentiation policies in all products offers.Aim to carry 50% of UK visitors from its unlike brands to different sightseeing attractions during the first year of operations. The carrying rates are to rise on 20% on yearly basis thitherafter.5 dodgeThe UK Sightseeing division will provided customers with a friendly, personalised experience while using professionals guides to accompany groups in their trips to the historic and most relevant sights.5.1 reapingInitially the products will encompass the following productsLondon tourist sights birds-eye of London, Photo stop at Buckingham Palace, Photo stop at saint Paul Cathedral, Lunch in a traditional English pub, cruise for the river Thames and entrance to the London Eye.Outside London Entrance to the Windsor Castle, Roman lav with walking tour of the historic town, Lunch in a traditional English pub in Salisbury and entrance to Stonehenge.Customers will be pick-up from their hotels at a pre-determine time in order to visualize that all passenger are present at time of departure. At the brush point customers will be introduce to their guide for the day and will be taken to the vehicles designated for the chosen tour.5.2 PRICEConsidering that there is three more sightseeing tour operators in the UK, the prices should be in line with homogeneous products offers by the competitors in order to maintain the demand for the products.Howe ver, since the business unit will be part of a package holiday, TUI Travel will surely achieve a higher level of economies of scale when contracting the services of suppliers involved on the available side of the tours.5.3 PLACE progressionStores The Company have to its disposition over 650 retail shops around UK, which will give them a competitive advantage over its competitors, as the three major sightseeing operators only serve London through their war cry centres.Website First Choice and Thompson both enjoy large websites, which are characterised for being user friendly and easy to navigate, thus any customer implicated in additional services will be able to project the combination of products suitable to their needs.Search engines optimization To improve the discovery of the websites, UK sightseeing division will come across that links are built inwardly key Internet search engines sites, as well as key word register to the main domains (i.e. holidays, short breaks, a ll inclusive, etc)Advertising in one case the operational site of the UK sightseeing division is up and running, TUI Travel will stir the announcement through its major website, as well as to link the release sassys on the websites for all its subsidiaries within the group, to ensure that customers booking holidays in advance are aware of the new available services.Public Relations Prior to the opening the company will charm representatives from its hotel portfolio to enjoy the tours offered and request feedback on their views as to label the services in offer. The company will arrange for a formal launch of its new division, inviting relevant press representatives from major word of honorpapers as well as tourism specialised magazines.Promotion High quality brochure is to be promoted and make available in all hotels belonging to the group for display (concierge desk for example) available to all customer staying at the hotels.5.4 PEOPLEAppropriate staff is immanent for a se rvice to be perceived and recognised by its customer. The release between customer retention or not is mostly attributed to the way services and management customer techniques are de lodgered by a company. cater must have the suitable interpersonal sciences, attitude, and service knowledge to give the service that consumers are paying for.3TUI is very supportive when it comes to training and on-going development and believes it is vital that people are given opportunities to learn passim their career. The company has its own dedicated in-house Learning and Development team and there are many opportunities for development such as workshops on a variety of topics, one-to-one coaching, e-learning and where appropriate, TUI support their staff to undertake professional and vocational qualifications relevant to their role. All staff has regular one-to-one reviews with their managers to support their ongoing development and explore further opportunities for training and development.45 .5 PROCESSESRelates to the systems used to aid a company to deliver the service. The company will ensure that time tables are kept in order to avoid delays on the running of the tours. view as certain that customers place their lunch order in time during the dayspring tour, as to ascertain that lunch meal will be served accord to schedule. Any complains or recommendation should be dealt promptly to maintain customer confidence.5.6 PHISICAL EVIDENCEThe physical evidence is an important element of the service mix, customers mensurate their perceptions based on their view of the service provided, having an impact on the organisations perceptual plan of the overall service.5Primary the company will aim to conclude the gap between customer expectations and company perception of the customer needs.6 BUDGETSItemDateCostMeasure of successWebsite adjustment30 May2500Number of hits per month 3000Payment to search engines adv to increase exposure15 June13000All subsidiaries sites carry ing linksBrochure01 June10000Deliver to all hotels in the groupAdvertising in specialised magazines01 June10000monthly slot fix for 6 monthsSite hosting costs15 June8000Google, Mozila secure feature on first pageLaunching Night15 June5000300 people attendance35,5007 ACTION PLAN marchMayJuneJulyAugImprovement of website07Logo design align with TUI Travel15Link website into Sub- websites20Advert in magazines27Invite reps from news papers and mag01Launch night15Brochure rescue10Complimentary tours01First customer running tour10Measure of passengers on tours10Evaluation of results/correctives if needed158 Evaluation of ResultsDuring this face of the project, the aim is to evaluate the overall performance of the tours operational and tactical side. TUI Travel subsidiaries websites (First Choice and Thompson) have the capability of allowing customers to publish live comments on their experience.A team will be assigned to evaluate and quantify the comments in order to assess the perfor mance of tours, and implement correctives if necessary.9 ConclusionWhere TUI Travel to implement the above plan, it will improve further their policy of differentiation and facilitate customer choices at the time of browsing for a package holiday with London as a destination. The assertion is that the new business unit will be implemented as a pilot project to evaluate its feasibility and acceptance from customers in general, local and overseas travellers.TUI AG, continue to endorse its mission statement even in the light of lost of revenue in the case of inhering disasters like the one recently experience due to the Volcanic ash from Island which closed European airspace for over a week.TUI Travel PLC, denote on the 21st April that they were implementing their crisis plans, which included provision of welfare to customers in resorts and commencing the repatriation action as soon as possible. Their plan contemplate repatriation through coaches, ferries and owned cruises and ac cording to their estimation all of its customers will be back in England by Friday 23rd April.Measures implemented as above, form milestone for brand recognition and undoubtedly give customer peace of mind, as they are confident that their travel company cares about them and will do whatever takes to ensure a safe return home.Individual Critical observation of Learning OutcomesDuring the course of the subject Marketing Management, I came to realise that marketing is a complex theme.The models and other techniques studied where made easy to represent by the tutor and the evaluation of it through practical examples facilitate the socialization of the material.Personally I feel that the simulation done through the Marketing Game software was critical for the understanding in how marketing a product affects the whole of an organisation, and how the decisions made in terms of cost/ investment can have both, positive or negative outcomes.Another skill that was put to the test relates to communication, as in some cases we were grouped in teams to solve/discuss material regarding the subject matter.Regarding the assignment I make it quite difficult to tackle as, first English is my second wording and 2nd although I have presented written works before they were in my mother tongue and oriented to practical experiences rather than research itself.As a next step, I will work through future assignments with more time in order to share my queries with my tutor, as to ensure that I have understood the approach to be evaluated with the written work.

Effect of Drugs on Clinical Defence Mechanisms

Effect of Drugs on Clinical Defence MechanismsNeither seeking frolic nor damage motive are non enough to explain human being odd solution way for get ride of their misery life history which represent dependency. In bitchiness of the fact that misery life has needed side, eye addicts take problems with defining the emotions, difficulties with resist the pain. This individuals discover that nerve centre which feature them addict enable them to control and reduce permanantly their social problems and supriseful life events. So that substance implications office against explain feelings, depression, boredom, and anger.Psychodynamic approach form fundamental mode for explaining substance function and meaning and the way addicts act toward cope their problems. surely genetic, social science, family and system theories have effect on determining substance addiction one by one (Larssons et al., 2001).Khantzian (1985) stated in his self treatment hypothesis that weakness of eg o, lack of self awarness, impulses and delirious vindications head individuls use substance or close to use (p. 105). Protecting record as a ego function is a little numeral complicated. It is a furcate of a sequence of defensive structure and function such(prenominal) as signal, anxiety, evaluate truth, control, synthesis, decision. When a problem occur in this fuctions consequently defence mechanisms step in like defensive measure reaction, projection, and rationalization. In addiction knead ego put forward as a focal foretell of pathology. Especi in ally regression, denial, and projection emphasised (Fine Juni, 2001).gel (2001) stated that lack of come and safety in psychosexual development stage lead to medicine use for repress the anxiety and handle this situation when the child founder gravidhood (p. 62).According to gel (2001) as cited in Glkan (1994) field of operations on substance addiction with MMPI claim that this individuals have signifi finisht indep endence and negative feelings, dense change in feelings, impulsive behavior, dissadtsfaction, discomfort and, imbalance. in any case their are unable to comprehend and change the situaitons which they came up. This people excessively flush toilet describe as rigid, stubborn, sceptic, difficult and exremely sensitive and they strain social stimulies with defence mechanisms. The people who show their hostile feelings indirectly, use projection, have dominant grudge thoughts, and sceptic aspects have instable thoughts , stress and anxiety intensively. They tend to exaggerate lively problems consciously and seem worse than they actually are due to pickings more attention and escape from their responsibilities and taking more attention. These people use intellecttualization and rationalization but these defences became ineffective because their defences are weak (p. 72 73 ) . defense force is perhabs one of the best known defense mechanisms, used many multiplication to define cond itions where individuals appear unable to meet truth or consent an obvious earthly concern. Drug users or alcoholics useally deny that they have a problem, fleck victims of traumatic events might deny that the incident never happened. Observation on addicts show that inadequacy object related task and difficulties on evaluating reality (Rutherford,1996).If our instinct expressed randomly we faced dangerous situations because ego defence mechanisms control and warn us. In this respect medicine addictions have unforesightful ego capacity for protect their selves. When desired effect received repetetive manner, somebody start to use less other answers and dealing with problems . As a result of approved by society this people tend to piecemeal increase regression. Nevertheless in the absence of other compliance mechanisms, for step-down the stressful situation prefered substance amount increased or they thought using a nonher drug reduce the side effect of origanal substance ( Mulder et all, 1996).Malaysia has changed its medicine programs from compulsory drug detention centers to ambulatory care programs with just care of hospitalized patients just in three months subsequently by after-treatment programs in modulate to cover permanence of the treatment program. The aim of this is to make erect patients to orientating to the society. Orientating is can be very difficult for addiction patients. A recovered addict uses his defense mechanisms in order to handle his moderation. By and by, adapting styles might be incapably utilized by recuperating addicts as a part of their exertions to maintain a strategic distance from unpleasant peck and it happens when safeguard components are not being overall overseen. This is on the ground that they make an agreeable circumstance since the addicts dont need to manage the unpleasant hazard (Gorski, 1992). As their component of guards justifies the activity, their come back to medication utilization is prostrate to happen. Except their difficulties, their actions are logical and justifiable.Borderline and asocial individualality disorders (Presniak, Olson, MacGregor, 2010), and emotional problems depression and anxiety (Blaya, Dornelles, Blaya, Kipper, Heldt, Isolan, Bond, Manfro, 2007) are psycheality disorders and ego defense mechanisms can be associated with them. In order to treat drug addiction with psychotherapy, the investigatees on defense mechanism have been extended.Defense mechanism have been observed in drug addicts of young adults (Grebot Dardard, 2010), substance abusers with psychotic symptoms (Aleman, 2007), and outpatient drug addicts (Redick, 2002). Gorski (1992) claimed that denial and avoidance defense style in the relapse process and the research development emphasizes the importance of studying the components of defense mechanisms. Studies above show that thither is a connection between drugs and defense mechanisms. In the following list, we are going to see how defense mechanism effected by drugs here(predicate) is the list of defense mechanisms that used by alcoholics and drug addictsDRUGS AND DEFENCE MECHANISMSDenialThe best take the stand of drug using is denial of the reality. It is the clear try out that a person drugging. Denial is the situation between, I do not use drugs, and I do use drugs but it is under my control. This genial of defense mechanism is the clear evidence that the defense mechanism do controlled and continued to controlling by drug. And also this process continues in spite of thinking about the disadvantages of drug addiction. The person also fears to not manage the usage of drug addiction and this kind of defense mechanism is the evidence for it.Selective RecallInterestingly, the defense mechanism takes only the good part of the experience and turns all deeds acceptable and justifiable. For example a person whitethorn ordain that he / she felt good and enjoyed the evening or he / she can say that everyone ama zed of him / her. However, he / she do not remember the later part of the evening. In order to rid his / her deeds, a person remembers only good part of his / her experience with drugs and it is the work of defense mechanism. It is also called euphoric take out.RepressionIt may looks like selective recall because it also repression shameful and bad experiences during drug usage experience. Defense mechanism represses all things that are against his / her self or personality. It makes feeling that experience has not been lived. And it forces a witness of that experience to doubt about his vision and reality-knowledge. When someone questions or criticizing a drug user, he / she can use denial, selective recall and repressive defense separately or collectively.ProjectionIn order to justify his / her drug use, a person can use this demeanor of defense mechanism. In order to be reasonable, person blames others or his / her surroundings to justify his / her deed. For example, a pers on may say that it is other faulting and he / she should argue with himself / herself. Person may blame his parents and tell them that they have pressure on him / her and they should not gave him a birth. Or even a person can claim that other people never love him / her.RationalizationWhen people do not expect the result of their actions, they for the most part use this type of defense mechanism. It justifies their drug usage. For example, a person may claim that he / she deserve the celebration because he / she worked hard. Or he / she may connect his exam failure with his / her depression. And in order to justify his / her drug and alcohol usage he / she may say that everyone else was inebriated and used drug, so he / she could not do anything. reverseRegression is when a person clings to childish actions in order to avoid the adult responsibility. A person in order to avoid his / her adult responsibility, takes use of a child. Person will try to take attention not to the drug usage but to his / her behavior such as screaming, flagrant and etc. When a person acts and defends himself / herself like this, those people who are against his / her drug usage focus not on his / her problems with drugs, but on persons behavior. After all, they will let him do whatever he wills to do.MinimizingThis defense mechanism tries to minimize the problem. For example, if a person used alcohol he may say that it was just two drinks or joints and that he knew what was going on. Or if a person sleeps deeply he may defend himself telling that he just took a nap for a while. Even if a person hits someone he may say that he did not hit another person hard. Also, he may deny that he is an addict by giving reasons such as he just uses Dope and E and not Coke and Heroin.REFERENCESAleman, K. (2007). object lens relation quality, alexithymia, and defense mechanisms of drug abusers with antisocial personality disorder. Social air and Personality, 35 (10) 1335-1352.Blaya, C., Dorne lles, M., Blaya, R., Kipper, L., Heldt, E., Isolan, L., Manfro, G. G., Bond, M. (2007). Brazilian-Portuguese version of defensive style questionnaire-40 for the assessment of defense mechanisms pretend validity study. Psychotherapy Research, (3) 261-272Fine J, Juni S Ego atrophy in substance abuse addiction from a socio-cultural perspective Am J Psychoanal 6 1(3)293-304,2001.Gorski, T. T. (1992). The Staying Sober Workbook A Serious Solution for the Problem of Relapse. freedom Press Missouri.Grebot, E., Dardard. J. (2010). Cognitive schemas, habit-forming beliefs, and defenses in cannabis addiction in young addiction. French Psychology, 55 373-387.Khantzian EJ The self medication hypothesis of addictive disorders focus on heroin and cocain dependence. A J abnormal psychology 1421259-1264, 1985Larsson S, Lilja J, Borg S, et al Toward an integrative approach in the analysis of dependency problems, Subst ingestion Misuse 36(9-10)1323-1356, 2001.Mulder RT, Joyce PR, Sellan JD, Sul livan PF, Cloninger CR Towards an understanding of defense style in term of temperament and character. Acta Psychiatr Scand 93(2) 99- 104, 1996.gel (2001) nsan, Yaam ve Bamllk Tartmalar ve Gerekeler. stanbul IQ Kltr Sanat YaynclkCherry, K (n.d.) . In About.com Psychology. http//psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofperso nality/ss/defensemech_3.htm.Presniak, M. D., Olson, T. R., MacGregor, M. W. (2010). The role of defense mechanisms in borderline and antisocial personalities. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(2) 137-145.Redick, R. (2002). The defense styles of outpatient substance abusers vs. non substance abuser. Unpublished doctorial dissertation Chicago, Illinois.Rehab centers ca addiction treatment advice. http//rehab4addictions.com/?page_id=361Rutherford MJ, Cacciola JS, Alterman Al, McKay JR Assesment of object relations and reality testing in methadone patients. Am J Psychiatry,153(9)1189-94, 1996.

College Admissions Essay - The Search for Truth :: College Admissions Essays

College Admissions Essay - The essay for Truth Whoever said that we were supposed to take everything on faith? not God, thats for certain. Hes always told us to try it for ourselves, and see if it makes our lives better. Ill never forget the mean solar day my high school chemistry teacher had a nervous segmentation because he tried to understand a universe where there was no God, whatsoever. (That is true, to my knowledge, by the way.) Ive always been surprised how much faith people puzzle in science, though. Many of the greatest scientists believed in God, and my speculation as to why, is that those scientists knew upright how amazing it was that they could discover an equation to measure gravity, or one that do energy and matter that same. People, of course, had no idea what they had on their hands and holiness it today as if it were God. Those scientists knew very well, after all their work, that any conjecture they produced was only awaiting its demise. The values that when put to the test, would prove it wrong. And then theyd find their slew and fix it. People have made something of a religion come to the fore of science these days. People treat it as a burden, rather than the nirvana it is, but they also treat those far advanced in it, as infallible and beyond mortal ken. Not so bad as the inquisition days, believe you me But the Inquisition really only went underground, to effloresce again as science, this time trying to kill faith quite of logic. Luckily, the new inquisition only condemns people to a life of business and hate, instead of religious bigotry, or even real religion, like be nice.

Personal Narrative: A Christmas night concert :: essays research papers

Rudolf the red nosed reindeer , he sang, just about off key. His voice echoed d angiotensin converting enzyme our home above the Boys , Men Christmas skip which played triumphly through the hall upstairs. In only a knock cotton robe, a pair of whit satin Isotoner slippers, and a head luxuriant of three inch rollers I made my way from the lav shovel in the cluttered hallway of tree tinsel and holiday ornaments to the oak balcony which unnoted the front entrance to our home. Directly below me he stood at the lavatory of the solid dark oak spiral staircase singing as though he was a celebrity on stage performing a solo for a sold out crowd. His scrawny quaternity feet five inch long soundbox seemed remarkably clean and his fig up was in perfect order for the most part. Dressed in a heavy wool-like navy jacket, a white button down localise shirt, and a horribly matched royal blue bow tie, he just now seemed to be the same menance who always found his way into the hands of t rouble. short the singing stopped. His big baby blue eyes peers up to me from the radical below.Why arent you ready, Tawny? We need to go. We are going to be modern he cried impatiently with his little stick-like arms crossed steadfastly against his chest. Calm down, Joey Its only five O clock, I screamed, The project does not even start for another full hour desist practicing your solo and before you have time to realize it, it will be time for us to leave. On my back down the hall towards the bathroom to finish getting ready, Joeys high pitched voice rang through the hall upstairs once again. Forty five minutes and twenty Rudolph recitations later it was little late to leave for the concert.Joey Joey Where are you? I called. Im out here. Cmon les go We are already lateI walked down the staircase, across the white tile floor, and glanced through the lift stained glass window on our front door. I axiom a blur of movement on the driveway. When I opened one of the two refini shed oak door, I found Joey sitting in my set down blue little sedan.Cmon already, he cried hanging half of his body out of the sunroof. He sat back down in the machine and started honking the horn.Im coming, you little brat Stop honking my horn I called

Autism :: essays research papers fc

mevery a nonher(prenominal) eld ago, I watched a young boy rock cover charge and forth as he worked a crossword puzzle. I act to distract him from working the puzzle to ride bikes with me. I continuously asked him to exploit with me, except he kept staring at the puzzle plot of land I attempted to look in his eyes. He took the puzzle apart(predicate) and flipped the pieces in the air, one at a time. He did not speak, merely he made crying noises. The more I asked questions or talked to him, the louder his cries became. As his frustration grew, he balled his fists up, punched his eyes, and kicked his feet. I was curious about his activity. I was later told the boy my brother was autistic, says Tamara Robinson in an interview.Autism is a syndrome of childhood characterized by a lack of social relationship, a lack of communication abilities, persistent compulsive, rituals, and rampart to change (Paluszny 1). For centuries, medical professionals have tried to understand autis m and its origin. The above fount shows only a few examples of autistic behavior.The history of autism extends, as removed back as the late sixteenth century however, during that time it was not identified as this illness. Here is a statement from before the baring of the illnessIn 1799, a boy about el regular years of age was found naked in the woods ofAveryron, France. He was dirty, cover with sores, mute, and behaved likeA wild animal. Jean Itard, the physician of the tender installation for deaf-mutes,Was given charge of the abandoned child. From Itards description, Victor Showed many features of autismhe did not look at people and neverPlayed with the toys, but showed remarkable memory in recalling the positionOf objects in his room and resisted any change of these objects. (Paluszny 2)In attempt to educate Victor, Itard used a codswallop of water as a form of encouragement, but he proceed to remain silent and never spoke any words.It was not until 1943 that the punctu ate autism was used by a child psychiatrist, named Leo Kanner to describe the symptoms. The confines autism derives from auto, the Greek word for self, (Hamblin 137). Kanner used this term when he studied eleven children who had a unique form of schizophrenia (Hamblin 136). Although, it was later determined that even though some of the characteristics of schizophrenia and autism are not the same, Kanner did open new doors for an intensive study of a confusing syndrome.

Julius Caesar Essay: Flawed Models of Leadership -- Julius Caesar Ess

Julius Caesar  Flawed Models of lead        Leadership is a recurrent theme in Shakespeares Julius Caesar. The play is centred on a group of men in leadership positions. The political setting and sense of humour of Julius Caesar, lend itself well to Shakespeares insights into the human condition. As the players personalities develop through the variety of the play, we see that his portrayal of their character-types (which still endure today) is both consistent and accurate.             Julius Caesar has many an(prenominal) fine examples of arrogance in leadership. We see Caesars pretensions as quite laughable. except I am constant as the northern star, of whose true-fixd and resting quality there is no fellow in the firmament, and the things that threatend me neer lookd but on my back when they shall see the face of Caesar, they are vanished demonstrate his pride. Shakespeare suggests that al universal g ravitational constantgh being sure of yourself is a necessary characteristic for a good leader (as it enables decisive follow out and courage) it should also be tempered with humility.             The office of a leader, in turn, instils confidence in his/her followers. The quote,  And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive yet in the number I do know but one that unattackable holds on his rank, unshaked of motion and that I am he, is an example of the comfortableness and security that his words provided the common people. Caesars absolute faith in his grandeur and right to rule was in the perfect climate, in the midst of a community that was seeking a ruler. The followers were more sheep than thinker... ...other conspirators as traitors, the crowd together is wild. Antonys transparent sweet friends let me not stir you up to such a sudden flood of mutiny is just the beginnings of his carefully-orchestrated urgings to them. When he lastly sets them loose, it is with a Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot, take thou what course thou wilt- an exclamation which sounds heartstrong, but not real well-thought out. Shakespeare advises that such a leader can be dangerous.             Through a well-developed cast and a complex play about men, politics and forefinger Shakespeare has once again demonstrated his mastery of the humanity of the characters he creates. The blemish models of leadership we examine in Julius Caesar aptly lend themselves to the theory that an light world gives power to imperfect men.  

Ancient Religions Essay -- essays research papers fc

Religions of the Ancient World Religions of the ancient world were in a state of constant flux. Karl Jaspers states that between the eighth and fourth centuries B.C.E, capital changes took place in all the civilized world (qtd. in Basham 36), and the broad thinkers of these times began thinking independently and individually. Moreover, after these great thinkers the world was never the same again (qtd. in Basham 36-37). These times were dubbed the axial period (qtd. in Basham 37). The axial religions that emerged during this period were profound and lasting. In fact, the religions discussed in this paperJudaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity be considered the most practiced religions to do this day. Although these religions have changed over time, their infralying grammatical construction remains intact. Ancient Hebrew ReligionRichard Hooker states that there are four main periods in the Hebrew Religion, they are the Pre-Mosaic Stage (1950 - 1300 B.C.E.), the matter Mon olatry and Monotheism (1300-1000 B.C.E.), the Prophetic Revolution (800-600 B.C.E.), and the Post-Exile Revolution (538 B.C.E., and beyond) (Hooker n. pag.). Little is known about the Pre-Mosaic stage, plainly some scholars have formed four main expirys drawn from the schoolbook of Genesis. The first conclusion states that the beginning of Hebrew religion was polytheistic, involving several gods. This conclusion is formed from the plural form of the name of God, Elohim rather than El (Hooker n. pag.). The uphold conclusions is that early Hebrew religion was animistic...and as a result...had a spot of practices that fall into the category of magic (Hooker n. pag.). In the Monolatry period, the most significant core was the flight from Egypt. The great migration led by Moses unified the Hebrew people. They began to attend to themselves as bene yisrael or children of Israel. Also at this time, Moses instructed the Israelites to worship one God, Yahweh, and to come out his laws (Torah). The Israelites looked up to Yahweh as their God and chief ruler. Towards the end of this period the ground of Israel was in a state of turmoil. They longed for a unified state under a single monarch (Hooker n. pag.) and they forged ahead with this notion in mind.  ... ...ite their difficulties, these religions only strengthened throughout time. Works CitedBasham, A.L. The Origins and Developments of Classical Hinduism. Ed. Kenneth G. Zysk. Boston Beacon, 1989.Brummett, Palmira, et all. Civilizations by & Present. Ed. Priscilla McGeehon Longman, 2000.Dumoulin, Heinrich. Zen Enlightenment Origins and Meaning. Trans. Maraldo, John C. crude York Weatherhill 1979.Finegan, Jack. The Archeology of World Religions. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University call down 1952.Hooker, Richard. The Hebrews. 1996 n. pag. Online. Internet. 10 Oct. 2000. Available http//www.edu8080/dee/HEBREWS/RELIGION.HTM. Kashyap, J. et al. The Path of the Buddha. Ed. Morgan, Kenneth W. New York The Ronald Press Co., 1956. Scheck, Frank Reainer, Manfred Grgens. Buddhism An Historical Overview. Barons 1999.From Jesus to Christ the First Christians. phosphate buffer solution and WGBH/FRONTLINE 1998 n. pag. Online. Internet. 2 Nov. 2000. Available http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/.

Psychoanalysis in Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment Essay -- Crime and

Analyzing the mind of a psychopath has been one of the most important tasks that psychoanalysts face today. The more they know and reckon the complexities of the disturbed, the more they hope to find treatments and eventually a cure for the disquiet that they believe can cause the ultimate crimson bend.Perhaps Dostoevsky himself treasured to weigh in on the mind of the sociopath and the journey toward their violent lives. Due to his vivid description of Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky shows his readers first hand what a sociopath is like. First one must understand that there is no much(prenominal) affliction as sociopath. The technical name is anti mixer personality disorder and there are certain criteria a person must construe in order to receive this diagnosis. It is reserved for the most violent criminal minds and therefore is taken very seriously by the psychiatric community. In order to be diagnosed, one must have been previously diagnosed as having a conduct disorder by the age of fifteen. This is what human beingsy concern to as the child version of antisocial personality disorder. Along with depression and anxiety, the individual also exhibits an increase in antisocial behavior, aggression, destruction of property, and imposition or theft (Strickland). They may also act out against littler things that they can control, such as smaller siblings and/or animals. Once a person with conduct disorder turns eighteen and is considered to be a intelligent adult, they are re-evaluated and then diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. The Gale Encyclopedia of psychology, 2nd interpretation lists the criteria that psychologists use to base their diagnosis. They must meet three of the following. 1. fails to conform to social norms, as indicated... ...order, examining Raskolnikovs actions and personality, and taking a closer look at arrogance, we can assert that Raskolnikov is simply an arrogant man viewing himself as superior to society. Raskolnikovs actions were done through purely selfish motives and the humor that he should not be punished, because the paramount of his actions benefited society. This is the profile of a man that is arrogant and selfish, not the profile of an individual suffering from a psychological illness.Works CitedDostoevsky, Feodor. Crime and Punishment. A Norton Critical Edition third Ed. Levinson, David. Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment Vol. III. Sage Publications. London, 2002.Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster Online. http//www.m-w.com. December 18, 2005. Strickland, Bonnie. The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology 2nd Ed. Gale Group. Detroit, 2001.

The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ Essay -- Business Management

The Leadership Lessons of rescuer ChristWhen we talk round delivery boy as a leader, we may imply two various forms deliverer as the only Son of God, God of the universe, or the arise Christ as being one with God or deliverer as the 1 st century flesh and blood human being, the historic figure. Since the purpose of studying leadership is to improve ones own leadership skills, it makes instinct to analyze Jesus applicable traits, actions, and accomplishments as a good leaderin his historical roleso his leadership skills can be feasibly colligate to ourselves as human beings. I depart attempt to analyze, using newfangled leadership criteria, how Jesus of Nazareth, the Jew and carpenters son, was an effective spiritual leader of his time. Let us first examine the leadership attitude Jesus showed in his ministry. agree to the address Thomas Cronin delivered at the Western Academy of Management in 1982, part of what makes leaders appealing is their confidence and faith Leaders ask those indispensable qualities of contagious self-confidence, unwarranted optimism, and incurable idealism that aloneow them to take up and mobilize others to undertake tasks these people never dreamed they could undertake. (To Lead or Not to Lead, Unit One 36) Jesus had infectious self-confidence that attracted all types of people to his cause. A teacher of the law said to Jesus, Teacher, I will follow your wherever you go (Matt. 819). He was also an optimist Jesus said, But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well (Matt. 633). He was an idealist his commissioning commanded his followers to be spiritually perfect (Matt. 548). Although Jesus ethical stock(a) was incredibly high, his faith in God was... ...human fictitious characteristics. But his weakness contributed to his character as a man. Essentially, Jesus leadership abilities were perfect for his time. Works Cited Borg, Marcus J. Meeting Jesus Again for the First Time. San Francisco Harper Collins, 1994. Borg, Marcus J., and N.T. Wright. The Meaning of Jesus. San Francisco Harper Collins, 2000. To Lead or Not to Lead, Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies. Jackson, MS Phi Theta Kappa, Inc., 2001. Porter, J.R. Jesus Christ The Jesus of History, the Christ of Faith. New York Oxford University Press, 1999. Schure, Edouard. Jesus The Last Great Initiate. Kila, MT Kessinger issue Company, 1995. Stafford, Tim and Philip Yancey. The Student Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1986. Yancey, Philip. The Jesus I never Knew. Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1995.

Emotional Intelligence in Leadership Essay -- Leadership

The premise of emotional parole in attractionship is that emotional light should be the premise of leaders. Before tasks, followers, goals and styles advise be defined or critiqued, the leaders emotional intelligence must first be assessed (Goleman, Boyatzis & McKee, 2002, pg 5). Emotional intelligence then becomes the prognosticator of how effectively the leader bequeath be able to lead in any given situation, set of tasks or followers. In this paper, the author will compare this premise of emotional intelligence with the Leader-member exchange (LMX) possible action and the situational come out to leadership (Northouse, 2010). Also, the author will evaluate, in terms of resonance and dissonance, how suitably an emotional intelligence model would function in a high education environment.Emotional intelligence operates under four theoretical domains and their several(prenominal) competencies that are essentially classified under two divisions personal competency and so cial competence (Goleman, et al, 2002, pg. 39). These broader competencies do non describe leadership talents, unless learned abilities that describe how effectively the leader manages intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships (Goleman, et al, 2002). The assumption is that if the leader is thoroughly competent in an intrapersonal sense---meaning, among other factors, he or she is fittingly self-aware, transparent and adaptable---the leader will have better interpersonal insight into his or her subordinates (Goleman, et al, 2002). This social competence delineates more specific qualities including a powerful sense of empathy, service, influence, and collaboration (Goleman, et al, 2002). In terms of leadership effectiveness, these competencies are not only ideal,... ...the author believes that the comparison of the Leader-member exchange, the situational approach to leadership, and the premise of emotional intelligence has uncovered important leadership equitys that may not be mutually exclusive. Surely the enigma of leadership is that it contains many truths, with the only universal truth being that none are universal, but empirically sound to supporter the leader in guiding followers and the institutions they comprise. ReferencesBolman, L. G. & Deal, T. E. (2008). Reframing organizations Artistry, choice, and leadership, 4th Ed. San Francisco Jossey-BassGoleman, D., Boyatzis, R., McKee, A. (2002). Primal leadership Realizing the power of emotional intelligence. Boston Harvard Business School Publishing.Northouse, P.G. (2010). Leadership theory and practice. 5th Ed. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications.

chemistry (ocean) :: essays research papers

What is an screwballberg? Why are they blue or green?An chicken feedberg is a large floating block of freshwater crosspatch that has broken collide with the edge of a glacier and been carried out to sea near 90% of its big money lies under the water. The bluish streaks of clear, bubble free meth often seen in icebergs results from the refreezing of melt water which fills crevasses formed in the glacier as it creeps bothplace land. The ice is blue because of the natural light scattering characteristics of pure ice. at times airborne dust or dirt eroded from land ends up on the glacier surface eventually forming a noticeably darkened dark-brown or black layer (in any orientation) within the ice of a floating iceberg.What oddball of information cornerstone scientists obtain from polar ice?Polar Regions and some alpine areas are sufficiently cold that coke accumulates from year to year, building up as glaciers. As nose candy at the surface gets buried with time it gets c ompressed to form substantive ice and this ice carries with it information about the climate when the snow to begin with fell. By drilling down into a glacier and recovering this old ice, the information can be used to help understand past climate.The information obtained from ice cores can be divided into three types. The first of these types of information comes from the solid and dissolved impurities in the snow. Usually snow that falls in those places is about pure water, but it still contains traces of dust, and pollutants from human activities. This information can be used to detect major environmental changes in the circulation of the atmosphere. The second type of information obtained from ice cores comes from bubbles in the glacier ice. These bubbles are formed as snow becomes compressed and the air between the flakes gets trapped. The third type of information obtained from ice cores comes from the frozen water itself. In the oceans, one in about every 500 oxygen atoms i s the heavy isotope, while one in about 70 hydrogen atoms is heavy. However as the water evaporates and is transported to polar regions, the salmagundi of the heavy isotopes changes. These changes are mostly influenced by temperature and it turns out that by standard water isotopes in ice cores researchers can infer temperatures when the snow originally fell. In the past 30 years, many ice cores have been cut to study past climate.

The Apollo 11 Space Flight: Man Explores the Moon and Gains Perspectiv

The 1960s brought cultural chemise through outbreaks of violence and contention. The Love and Peace slogan led to a bloody fear of War and Hate. It was an era of protest and revolt. The decade began with the assassinations of jakes F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr., escalated with the viciousness of Vietnam, and ended with the suspicion of Watergate. And somewhere in the dismay of freedom, we saw two Americans walk on the moon. It was while staring at that crystalline sphere hovering above us that we pondered the scope of our opportunity. On that fiery summer night it was a miracle of technology, a step into a revolutionary world, a celebrated triumph. We engaged in a political hunt to the moon against the Communists with a democratic pride that launched us to a natural age of scientific exploration. They were footsteps that would be talked about for centuries bringing information that would crop us for decades. Americas work for the Moon Following the Atomic Bomb of de mesne War II, the United States was a recognized Superpower, the technological king of advancement. through and through our new Elvis albums and poodle skirts, we were enjoying the satisfaction of being the winning team. However, in 1957, our pride was pierced when news hit that Russia had successfully launched Sputnik, the first soupy satellite to circle the earth. As President Kennedy said, We are behind and give be for a period in the future (Sullivan 142). We were no overnight the superior champions we once were. The Soviet Union seemed unstoppable by 1961 Russian Major Yuri Gagarin became the first man to orbit the earth in a spaceship. Less than two months later, the United States publicly announced their 20 one million million million dollar space program, Project... ...s. By viewing the Earth as a whole, we discovered truths about humanity that sparked a new perspective of legal opinion and understanding for our generation and the generations to come. We touched the fa ce of another world, and became people without limits (Chaikin ix). whole works Cited Chaikin, Andrew. A Man on the Moon The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts. New York Penguin Books, 1994. Folger, Tim, Sarah Richardson, and Carl Zimmer. Remembering Apollo. offend July 1994 38-58. Spirit of Apollo A Collection of Reflective Interviews. AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. Sullivan, Walter, ed. Americas Race for the Moon The New York Times Story of Apollo. New York Random sept Publishers, 1962. Wilford, John Noble. We Reach the Moon the New York Times story of Mans superior Adventure. New York Bantum Books, 1969.

Use of Tension in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- William Shake

Shakespeares play Macbeth is set in the heart of Scotland. The office at the time is exponent Duncun, a noble and honest king. He has two sons and many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) Thanes and noble men, one being Macbeth. Macbeth has fought his way up the ranks of the army to become one of Duncuns most trusted Lords, entirely an encounter with three witches puts wickedness into the heart of an otherwise noble and trustworthy man. In act 1, scene 1, a scene of three witches confronts us. This exclusively would catch created mystery and fright to the sense of hearing, setting the scene of the play to come. Macbeth was create verbally in a period when there was a high busy in witchcraft and the wizardly. People were conf practiced and scared by the necromantic, so the sight of three witches would relieve oneself told the audience that the play would be dependable of evil and lies. This scene is a short opening to the play. It is long replet e to awaken curiosity, but not to satisfy it. The mood of the play is set, although the activity and the introduction of the leading characters do not start until the next scene. In act 1, scene 2, we learn about the tough battle which Macbeth and Banquo have fought, and win for the victory for Scotland. Duncun rewards Macbeth for his courage by giving him the title thane of Cawdor, with his source title greet Macbeth. Let us not forget that a most dis true-blue traitor first owned this title. This scene tells us that Macbeth is thought of as a brave and valiant man beca expenditure he has killed so many people and won the battle almost single-handedly. The wrangle used is quite a horrific and the deaths of Macbeths victims are explained in all their gory detail. This ... ...cbeth drugs the guards and takes their daggers. She therefore lays them ready for Macbeth. She would have murdered Duncan herself if he had not resembled her father. Macbeth returns having murdered Duncan. Shakespeares use of spoken communication and structure manages to create tension right up to the murder of King Duncan. He manages to gradually build it up and thus release it a little, and whence increase it until finally the act of regicide takes place. His use of dramatic irony, the supernatural and indecision all combine to keep the audience on the edge of their seats throughout these scenes. His use of the right language in the right places helps the characters and the play to become really believable. Throughout the play, the supernatural plays a major role. A wise choice by Shakespeare at the time and it still works today. Use of Tension in William Shakespeares Macbeth probe -- William Shake Shakespeares play Macbeth is set in the heart of Scotland. The king at the time is king Duncun, a noble and honest king. He has two sons and many Thanes and noble men, one being Macbeth. Macbeth has fought h is way up the ranks of the army to become one of Duncuns most trusted Lords, but an encounter with three witches puts wickedness into the heart of an otherwise noble and loyal man. In act 1, scene 1, a scene of three witches confronts us. This all would have created mystery and fright to the audience, setting the scene of the play to come. Macbeth was pen in a period when there was a high worry in witchcraft and the supernatural. People were confused and scared by the supernatural, so the sight of three witches would have told the audience that the play would be skillful of evil and lies. This scene is a short opening to the play. It is long enough to awaken curiosity, but not to satisfy it. The mood of the play is set, although the action and the introduction of the leading characters do not start until the next scene. In act 1, scene 2, we learn about the tough battle which Macbeth and Banquo have fought, and win for the victory for Scotland. Duncu n rewards Macbeth for his courage by giving him the title thane of Cawdor, with his source title greet Macbeth. Let us not forget that a most disloyal traitor first owned this title. This scene tells us that Macbeth is thought of as a brave and valiant man because he has killed so many people and won the battle almost single-handedly. The language used is quite horrific and the deaths of Macbeths victims are explained in all their gory detail. This ... ...cbeth drugs the guards and takes their daggers. She therefore lays them ready for Macbeth. She would have murdered Duncan herself if he had not resembled her father. Macbeth returns having murdered Duncan. Shakespeares use of language and structure manages to create tension right up to the murder of King Duncan. He manages to gradually build it up and then release it a little, and then increase it until finally the act of regicide takes place. His use of dramatic irony, the supernatural and indeci sion all combine to keep the audience on the edge of their seats throughout these scenes. His use of the right language in the right places helps the characters and the play to become really believable. Throughout the play, the supernatural plays a major role. A wise choice by Shakespeare at the time and it still works today.

Richard Wagner :: essays research papers

Richard Wilhelm WagnerRichard Wagner was born in Leipzig, Germany, on May 22, 1813. His swear out was done throughout the romantic period. His father died soon after his birth, and in 1814 the family moved to Dresden. In 1822 Wagner entered Dresdens Kreuzschule. In 1828 he enrolled at the Nicolaischule in Leipzig, where he began lessons in harmony with the conductor named Christian Gottlieb Mller. Over the future(a) three years he composed several piano sonatas, overtures, and cardinal songs. Inspired by the works of Beethoven, Mozart, and Weber and Shakespeare, Goethe, and Schiller, he taught himself piano and composition. He entered the University of Leipzig. There he lived wildly but he seriously remunerative at cristaltion to composition. His Symphony in C was performed in Prague in 1832 and the following year it was vie in Leipzig. The next six years he spent as a conductor at low class local theaters. In 1836 he married the actress Minna Planer, and in 1839, they left for Paris. Living with poor German artists, Wagner wrote musical journalism and did cut work. But in 1840 he realised Rienzi, his first major opera. It was successfully produced at Dresden in 1842 and resulted in his one-armed bandit as musical director of the Saxon court. Here The Flying Dutchman was produced in 1843, and Tannhuser was completed in 1845. These operas were much criticized, because they lacked the melodies of the popular operas. Wagner took part in the German political revolt of 1848-1849 and was forced to leave the country. For about ten years he lived in Zrich, Switzerland. In 1864 King Ludwig II of Bavaria invited him to continue his musical work in Munich. During the years in Munich, he completed The Ring of the Nibelung which was a series of operas based on previous(a) German myths that he had begun in Zrich. The opera house in Munich was too small for these great operas. Wagner suggested that a theater be make from his own designs. The king approved the project , and the outcome was the famous Wagnerian feast Theater in Bayreuth, Bavaria.

the real world Essay -- essays research papers

The reliable military personnel?     "This is the true story of seven strangers picked to live in a dome and have their lives taped. Find out what happens when people stop being well-mannered and start getting real, so starts every episode of a popular TV render on MTV called The Real populace. This show is establish on the idea of having no script or actors, and to just fill what happens when strangers live together and interact with each otherwise for three months. This show has been on for over a decade now and is still a popular show even though throughout the last tenner years the show has changed in many ways. It has changed in the people, places, and activities that make up the Real World. Through the shows history The Real World has become less of a reality show and more of a circus show.      In the early 1990s was the first time that The Real World aired on MTV. This show was different than any other show that had ever a ppeared on national tv set. What made this show so different was the lack of a script or actors. This genre of television was named reality television. When developing the idea of The Real World executives at MTV precious to make a primetime soap opera but where having difficulties coming up with the funding to hire actors and writers, so their solution was to eliminate these aspects of a show. in that location idea was then to have seven strangers ages eighteen to twenty quint live together and see if the American public could catch on to ...

The Cycle of Poverty :: US poverty essay, social issues

America is one of the wealthiest nations on earth with having a high inequality than other industrialized country. divergence exists in income, wealth, tycoon and pedagogy. Persons who are legally and socially poor in the United states track down to stay in a cycle through with(predicate) life, not evermore by choice but because they are given fewer opportunities, education and tools to achieve success. Poverty home has a much larger income hurly burly than the upper class, the American Dream is lessens through opportunity and is shown through statistics. Inequality exist and is high in America because the amount of income and wealth that is distributed through power. In America the income distribution is very inequality and the value of a person wealth is based on their income with their debts subtracted. As of 2007, the top 1% of households (the upper class) owned 34.6% of all privately held wealth, and the 19% (the managerial, professional, and small traffi c stratum) had 50.5%, which means that just 20% of the people owned a unprecedented 85%, leaving only 15% of the wealth for the bottom 80% (wage and salary workers) (Domhoff, 2011). In contrary the poor do not embark on ahead and the rich get more. Americans are judged and placed in class categories through their home ownership which translates to wealth. Americans social class is often associated with their assets and wealth. good deal seek to own property, to have high incomes, to have interesting and safety jobs, to enjoy the finest in travel and leisure, and to live long and healthy lives (Domhoff, 2011). actor indicates how these values are not distributed equally in American society. spacious gains for the rich include cuts in capital gains and dividends and when tax rates lessen for the tiny percent of Americans income is redistributed. Taxes directly affect the wealth and income of Americans every year. For some Americans, the word poverty suggests destitut ion an inability to provide a family with nutrient food, clothing, and reasonable shelter (Rector, 2007). Poverty can be socially be through severe deprivation of education, food, safe water, sanitation, and health care disregardless of ones income. The U.S. Department of Health and human Services periodically updates poverty guidelines and depending on what state you live in the guidelines range.

An Examination of The Meditations, by Descartes :: The Meditations Essays

Descartes overall objective in The speculations is to question k directledge. To explore such metaphysical issues as the existence of God and the separation of fountainhead and body, it was important for him to distinguish what we can know as truth. He believed that curtilage as opposed to experience was the source for give awaying what is of absolute certainty. In my explication, I will examine meditation two in order to discover why knowledge was so important to Descartes.Meditation One The first meditation acts as a foundation for all those that follow. Here Descartes discerns amid mere opinion and strict absolute certainty. To make this consideration he establishes that he must first attack those principles which supported everything I one time believed.(quote, paraphrase) He first examines those beliefs that require our senses. He questions, whether our senses are true indicators of what they represent. By inspecting our sometimes firm belief in the reality of dreams, he comes to the finishing that our senses are prone to error and thereby cannot reliably distinguish between certainty and falsity. To examine those suppositions that have objective reality, Descartes makes the improbable hypothesis of an mephistophelian genius, as clever and deceitful as he is powerful, who has directed his absolute effort to misleading me (45 ). By proposing this solution he is able to head off his judgment and maintain that all his former beliefs are false. By use doubt as his tool, Descartes is now ready to build his following proofs with certainty.Meditation Two Comparing his task to that of Archimedes, Descartes embarks on his journey of truth. Attempting to affirm the caprice that God must exist as a fabricator for his ideas, he stumbles on his first validity the notion that he (Descartes) exists. He ascertains that if he can both persuade himself of something, and likewise be deceived of something, then surely he must exist. This self validating statem ent is known as the Cogito Argument. Simply put it implies whatever thinks exists. Having established this, Descartes asks himself What is this I which necessarily exists? Descartes now begins to explore his inner consciousness to find the essence of his being. He disputes that he is a rational animal for this idea is difficult to understand. He scrutinizes whether maybe he is a body infused with a soul but this idea is dismissed since he cannot be certain of concepts that are of the material world.

Communication Skills :: communication listening

communion SkillsCommunication acquisitions are all around us, from the day we are innate(p) untilthe rest of our lives. How many times have you seen communication achievementsrequired for a job in the classifieds and wonder what it actually means. Acommunication skill is some type of skill used in communication, From talking,body phraseology to even listening. Many things digest effect the appearance maven puke develophis or her communication skills to others. All of these skills are very soulnel to one another. Everyone has different ways of expressing some sortingof communication skill within them. adept communication skill is speaking, by far one of the most importantskill we posses. To be a good loud vocalizer system one must be fit to incur ideas clearlyand briefly. oneness must also have a clear and pleasant trace to his or her voice.This makes the person you are talking to more attentive, thus, more interested.The speaker must also be aware of his environment a nd the people he is speakingto. Environment plays a lot with what you say and try to convey to people. Ifyou hear a bird chirping, you might incorporate it to what you where just someto say. This makes the person youre talking to even more comfortable with whatyou are try to convey with your thoughts and ideas. This is how differentthings can effect ones communication skill, speaking.A insurgent communication skill is body language, a very personal way ofexpressing yourself without words. Ones body language can carry a whole communication without even saying a word. Sign language is an excellent lessonof this, one can spend there whole life communicating only with there body.Still one can be able to understand exactly how a person is trying to expressthemselves. speaking and body language goes hand to hand, without gestures whentalking one cannot truly relieve certain things to person. Also there is novisual effect for the person listening. When there is sound as well as some kind of visual movement one is more interested in what someone is trying to say.Through body language one can read if a person is sad or happy, glad or mad. form language conveys a lot of expression to are inner feelings and thoughts. embody language can show many things about you and the way you think. It can alsoshow the way a person reacts to what you try to convey to them. If the listenerisnt responding one must try and change the topic without losing the listenersfocus. One can only know this threw the listeners body language.