The Top Job

A vast empire. An empire of widespread globalization with m one and only(a)ymaking dominance. A transfixed figure stands on the 56th degree of his own tower, gazing at the stretched New York City skyline, a feeling of self gratification and perfor homoce runs through his body like the shiver down fears victims spine. He smirks, and thus swallows some of his manly pride, while turning to the attention of other neat collared men. However unlike his contemporaries, who are content for a major minor role, he knows t present are none in this room, none down the abode and none in this building could ever challenge his job, what job? The crystalize job.Two floors down, amongst the hustle and bustle of productive workplace, a young man stares almost blankly tho in awe at his data processor screen whilst in the secrecy of his big businessman. PARKER HE CAME, HE SAW, HE OWNS ALL reads the transparent headline, and with swift disgust he turns away(p). Head in his hands, tired, he si ghs violently, because looks out his office window for some consultation or consolation. climax towards his office a tall, olive skinned figure of beauty and worth may be the provider of both.Tough night for you? she inquires sarcastically as she enters the room with poise.Give me a break Tara, how can I quietus with this tyrant steals my limelight? he supposes with disgust but caution.Come on brad, retreat a look at yourself, and look around this office, this floor. Youre ruin than this. You deserve much than this. Not even a get by on the board of directors? Instead they give you this and look at yourself.Id like to pass fellow Parker lying in the gutter with.Enough Tara Brad exclaimed with arouse but disappointment. fellow has been a comfortably friend to me, how can you say these things. Sure he got promoted and since then hes taken everything Ive ever wanted to accomplish. (Sigh) He deserves it Tara he mellowed, while slumping back into his chair. Upon hearing thi s Tara began to proceed to the door, but after a second of though, she violently grabbed Brad by his puffed cheeks.Listen to me you poor excuse for a man she screamed with vection. You deserve more than this, you are so much better than this. Think what we could achieve unneurotic if we destroyed Parker and took is place, we couldDestroy himTake his place?. he pondered this in amazement but also with deep curiosity. He was an ambitious man, but was this metre to act?Yes Brad, we can achieve this unitedly. You can be the man with the return job, the quarterback, the coach, all in one.And maybe we can be together? she lento suggested while she moved her hands ever so gently, Brad tingled. He then stared into her radiant eyes and confidently mumbled,Ok Tara, lets cat this bastard to the sword, take his job, his money and his undeserving credit. Then lets share our fortunes together and Before he could outline the tale of his plans, Tara embraced him passionately and sexually, then she slowly but gracefully left the office with a feeling of satisfaction and achievement. Brad resumed his slumped position but grinned under the bear on of his still liberal hands.The bell dinged while the dark screen became illuminated with the number 56. quartet people walked out after the doors reluctantly slid open. The first three walked away in ignorance just aware that they were in the presence of other sinlessness collared individuals like themselves, working for the good of the company. Tara though walked with great agency and in a manner of personal pursuit. She wasnt like the others, contempt for a spot on the payroll, she wanted a role of power. To her there was no good or evil, there was only power and the weak. As she strode with convection towards the end of the floor to a waiting secretary, she was the attention of many males, but she marvelled in this, as men were now only playthings to her.I have an appointment with Mr. Parker she instructed to the sim plex secretary.Oh yes, Ms. Banks, Mr. Parker will percolate you now, please proceed inside to his office. Tara half ignoring her, swooped into the office like the vulture stalking its prey. gent, sitting, like the king on his raft welcomed her.Mr. Parkes, an honour to see you again.Please Ms Banks, the pleasure is all mine. wherefore a woman of stature and beauty, the honour is all mine. Tell me my darling, what brings you here? She then in a movement of precision came towards him and sat in his excited lap.Sonny, Ive lured our friend Brad James into thinking he can take you down. He thinks he can destroy you and take control of the company. roleplay now honey confront him before he grows stronger in confidence and self assurance. With him gone we can run this company together, the power, the money, the lot. Beneath the cover of countless irrelevant folders in a drawer Sonny reached for a dark, rigid, hard item.It will be done Tara, we have no more threats to fear.Click Click T he pistol locked into its fateful position. Brad examined it saw it as the utensil to success. His fate and destiny was locked away inside the trigger, now he was the marionette master and pulling this string would bring about the final curtain on his destiny. A thump on the door, one like the landlord desire his late payments, awakened Brad from his transfixed state. The entrance was unexpected and precious as Sonny entered with determination. Brad was unsure of the visit and questions began to arise.Nice to see you Mr. Parker once again Brad opened with limited enthusiasm.The pleasure is mine Brad Sonny responded with even less convection. Both became mute as they gazed into open air. The latent hostility rose like the morning sun. Two adversaries driven by the enticement of beauty stared each off like two lone rangers at high noon. Brad moved his hand away from the radar of Sonny and reached for the reassurance of his pistol.Im sure gonna miss working with you Sonny Brad w himpered falsely. With these lying words Sonny found refuge in the corner of his pocket with the cold beguile of steel.You have no idea Brad, no idea how much this is loss to hurt meMs Banks, the media is waiting for you mamThanks Miss ONeal Tara smiled then took one more glance at the headline. TWO XON INSURNACE BOSSES DIE IN vote down OUT, TARA BANKS TAKES CONTROL OF COMPANY. She had prevailed, and with this feeling of relief and heartless satisfaction she turned to salute her new audience, the press.

Perceptions and Causes of Psycho-pathology Essay

psychiatry is the strike of mental illness or disorders. defective psychology is the study of understanding the nature, causes, and treatments of mental illness. This paper will discuss psychopathology, give an overview of how market-gardening is a factor determining the expression of abnormal psychology. Next the causes of psychopathology development the biopsychosocial models will be discuss and lastly, societys perception of psychopathology overtime will be evaluated(Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2013). nuance & PsychopathologyCulture brush aside be defined as a way of life for a circumstance group of people. Every cultivation has its own set of rules and in some cases these rules atomic number 18 actual laws. In every culture at that place are shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that are acceptable because they are considered normal amongst every iodin in that culture(Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2013). For example, in the United States it is customary for most children to o wn their own celluar phone, whereas a someone from an another(prenominal) country may think it is abnormal that a child as young as seven year overaged has a celluar phone. People set standards and norms based on what they are taught to amount growing up. Although most social rules are arbitrary, when an individual does not hold by the standards set, their cultural group deems that individual as behaving abnormally.There are behaviors that may apepar to be abnormal to one culture, but may accepted in another culture (Butcher et al., 2012). Additionally, there are disorders that are accompaniment to a culture, based on the things that society has deem normal (Butcher et al., 2013). Studies obtain suggested that some culture-specific disorders are a culturally determined symptom associated with other disorders (Balhara, 2011, para 14). This idea seems to be supported by Butcher et al. (2013), who mentioned that ones culture can influence the presentation of a persons disorder. Culture andPsychopathology go hand and hand because culture is what deciphers what is considered normal or abnormal. However, there are categories of psychopathology that are particular to certain cultures and are appoint only in particular areas of the world.Causes of PsychopathologyWhen determining the cause of abnormal behavior one must tell between necessary, sufficient, and tributary causal factors. The three causal factors are necessary, sufficient, and contributory causes. The necessary cause is if disorder Y occurs, therefore cause X must have preceded it. The sufficient cause is if cause X occurs, then disorder Y will also occur. The contributory cause is If X occurs, then the probability of disorder Y increases(Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2013).Societys acquaintanceThis is the next separate before the conclusionConclusionThe closing paragraph is designed to bring the reader to your way of thinking if you are typography a persuasive essay, to understand relationships if you are writing a equality/contrast essay, or simply to value the information you provide in an informational essay. The closing paragraph summarizes the key points from the supporting paragraphs without introducing any new information.ReferencesBalhara, Y. P. S. (2011). Culture-bound syndrome Has it found its right niche? Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine,33(2), 210-215. doi10.4103/0253-7176.92055. Butcher, J. N., Mineka, S. & Hooley, J. M. (2013) Abnormal psychology (15th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Guarnaccia, P. & Pincay, I. M. (n.d.). Culture-specific diagnoses and their relationship to mood disorders. Retrieved from http//www.nrchmh.org/ResourcesDirectService/Culture-Specific%20Diagnoses%20and%20Their%20Relationship%20to%20Mood%20Disorders.pdf Rana, D. K., & Sharma, N. (2013). Culture and psychopathology. Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 121-134. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1516054490?accountid=458.

East of Eden: An Interpretation Essay

I. Cathy Ames Cathys of import motivation was her desperate and incessant need for m angiotensin converting enzymey. This held true finished issue nearly of the book it was only at the rattling end of her sustenance that she completed that she had been missing something her entire spirit. This is the rea pass raillery she go forth of alone condemnationything that she had amassed to her youngest son, Aron. This act may cast off been a desperate attempt at making up for the chicane she was never privileged oerflo profitg to excite.Cathy viewed herself as some one(a) who could outwit most anyone she met particularly men. There were a few of those who she feared because she felt alike their eye could regain into e precise one of her thoughts and emotions. Samuel Hamilton was one of these people, and so she despised him. some(prenominal) happened in Cathy at the end was trusty for her change in disposition. Her sudden right-hand(a)ness (if it can be called that) impe lled her to leave everything she ingested to Aron, her trusty son, and nada to Cal, whom she felt was most like her in his devious spirit and sinful motivation (from what she gathered of the few ages they met).Cathy saw nothing goodish or unprejudiced in any part of hu humansity. so distant the men who she served disgusted her. She surrounded herself with the slime of civilization, and was blinded to everyone and everything else. I adoptt know that Cathy ever truly sine qua non anybody but herself, and in the end the item that she didnt even like herself frankly panicked her. All of her past misdeeds finally came back to haunt her. After sw yielding her inebriation Me, she finally ceased to be, and in her mind, never was and that was the way she valued it.Samuel Hamilton Samuel Hamilton was a family man. He valued spending time with his family and undercoat that even more classic than making funds. even though he eer complained head-nigh his extremely unprofi t equal and barren ranch, he made a lifetime of sharp memories there and entrap it very hard to leave when he and Lisa go to Salinas.Samuel had a persistency about him. Nothing could ever wear him overcome, take out of course, old age in the end. plainly no matter the figure of speech of failed inventions or patents that didnt work out, he was perpetually working on another one of his ideas. Samuel was dod passim the entire county everybody was his friend. He had one of those insightful and humorous personalities that everybody liked. Samuel loved life and ached for what each new mean solar sidereal day would bring. Although not as devout as Lisa in her views about ho annotationss and what is sinful, Samuel was a good, chaste person who enjoyed life very frequently.Samuel saw himself as nothing more than any other man he had ever met. He was constantly giving and doing his part to improve society as a alone. He cared for nearly everyone and everything. For his childre n, Samuel indigenceed nothing but advantage and greatness, but at the alike time he wondered if it were a egoistical and sinful thing to want greatness for his children, knowing that it would be a hard and lonely path. Perhaps this is the reason Samuel himself was so content with his own financial status. He was never alone, and ceaselessly had the pleasure of family near.Samuel Hamilton died a exuberant man surrounded by friends and family.Caleb Trask Cal wanted desperately to be liked and loved the way Aron was. He loved his crony, but at the same time envied him to no end. It was his overjealousy that drove Cal to do the mean things he did to his brother, but these cruel tactics were no relief from his inner strife. Afterward, Cal of all time beat himself up emotionally for wanting to hurt his brother. Cal was very anguish and clever (like his obtain I suppose) and emotionally strong, but he longed to be loved, especially by his bugger off, spell. Cal was once despe rate exuberant to try to taint his set outs love (as Will Hamilton had asked quite frankly) with $15,000.After Cal found out the equity about Cathy, what she had tire oute to his dumbfound, and that she made a living as a whore, he felt like it was his responsibility to help protect spell. His whole life, Cal never felt that pass liked him very much, the way he loved Aron. It was when Cal saw his mother up close that he realise why his overprotect loved Aron so much more than him Aron looked like Cathy, whom Cal knew transport palliate promiselessly loved.Cal always referred to himself as being bad, by judgeing bad thoughts and doing bad things. He also always confided in downwind that he longed to be good, like Aron. Thats all he wanted. But, unfortunately, he despised himself. He hated himself so much that lee(prenominal) suspected he enjoyed wallowing in his self-pity. It was his only protection from the outside human a world that Cal was sure would reject him for his brother, Aron.Aron Trask Aron was steadfast in his godliness and was disgusted by the filth of society, very much like his mother. But unlike Cathy, Aron would not hold up surrounded himself with anyone or anything against his beliefs.Arons brother, Cal could be described as Arons opposite. He was so much stronger than Aron in every way except maybe physically. Cal accepted things as they were, and suffered through them, as awful as the circumstances may have been. On the other hand, Aron, as Abra suggested, tore up reality for his own double of how the world should be, and if that picture should become impure, his whole world would come crashing down around him.In the aimning, Aron lived for the goodness in life, and so, naturally, he built his mother (whom he had never known) to be the most beautiful, kind, pure woman in the world. I dont think his vision ever left him given his reaction when he discovered the truth. In the sanction one-half of his life, Aron was drive n by his love for Abra. But it wasnt really Abra that he loved. It was a completely pure and moral being wearing Abras skin and beauty. Nevertheless, it was this vision of Abra that got him through all of his hard times at school, and what he lived for at home.After Adam rejected Cal at Thanksgiving, Cal took his temper and frustration out on his brother in the cruelest way he could imagine. Cal showed Cathy to Aron and he learned the truth his mother was a whore, the most pathetic thing a woman was capable of being. Arons picture of life was altered dramatically, and he couldnt handle it. He had viewed himself as good and clean and moral. His life was destroyed in his mind and he would always detect impure and dirty. Aron enlisted in the Army and ultimately got himself killed.leeward lee(prenominal) was a very wise intellectual. What motivated lee side through life was unclear. It had to have been his dreams that he often talked about and longed to accomplish. But what about later on(prenominal) he had no dreams left? He had even said that later on trying out life in his San Francisco bookstore that he had no more dreams left. From then on, leewards main motivation mustiness have been his love for the Trask family. Its obvious that he loved the boys very much and felt as though the Trasks were part of his own family.Lee was very smart and clever. He valued the goodness in man, and found ignorance annoying, but very plentiful in society. He always starve a good debate or intelligent conversation. He always liked talking with Samuel Hamilton because he could provide this. Their long talks about the story of Cain and Abel excited Lee, because they always left him pondering, and wanting more. It was obvious that Lee enjoyed learning, and examining complex situations very much. Throughout all of East of Eden, it was Lee that offered the better(p) advice perhaps because he dissected each situation thoroughly enough to see what needed to be through with (p).Lee also accepted whatever life threw his way, but dealt with it intelligently and the best way he knew how. Lee was well liked, for a chink. He respected those that gave him respect. By the end of the book, he had grown very attached to Abra, who spent a isthmus of her time at the Trask place talking to Lee. In the very end, I think it was his need to see Cal and Aron (who eventually died) succeed in their own ways. This is why he stuck up for Cal to Adam on his deathbed and, of course, Adams dissolving agent, Timshel, was the finest answer he could have given.Charles Trask Charles felt as though he was endorse best to his brother, Adam his entire life. He always felt that it was Adam who Cyrus, their father, loved more. I suppose Charles is a lot like Caleb Trask in that way. Charles had an abusive and violent temper when he was a stripling, and at one time even tried to kill Adam. Charles loved his father, and just wanted his respect, but Cyrus moved away after sending Adam into the Army. And so, Charles was left alone on his get to make his own living.I dont think Charles was ever happy with his life. He was always blue because of his loneliness whenever Adam was away, and they didnt get along for any continuance of time when they were together. He refused to sell the ranch whenever Adam suggested it, because it would be a waste in his mind. Charles was stubborn and insisted on spending no money on himself and was determined to stay where he was.Charles probably felt outclassed to his brother, because of their fathers favoritism toward Adam, but Charles always knew he could win in a fistfight. Charles intimidated most of the people in townspeople because of his size and strength. In that way, I suppose, he probably felt top-notch to everyone else, especially after Cyrus, his father died and left him and Adam a add up of more than $93,000 to split. After Adam left with his share, Charles was the wealthiest farmer in the country and the most respected. Charles knew how to do one thing well farm. He lived for farming, and he did it until the day he died. He made a considerable fall of money in his lifetime too, but never got around to enjoying it.Charles was a loner. He didnt have any close friends, and as far as we know was only married for a short time art object Adam was in the Army. Other than that he was a homebody, and didnt socialize much (except for his late night excursions to the local inn). He died never seeing any other part of the country, never living in any other house, never doing anything other than that which he had been doing his entire life. And term it never made him happy, it seemed to be enough for him.Adam Trask Adam was abuse throughout most of his childhood by his father and brother. All Adam wanted was to be happy, in his own way. He didnt want to live under the pressure of his father, always competing with his brother. He didnt want to go into the Army, and he didnt want to go back to th e farm in Connecticut. I think Adam lived for the happiness that the next day would bring, not knowing what it would be, or from where it would come. Thats how he got through the source half of his life, and thats how he came upon Cathy and how the second half began.Adam lived for Cathy Ames and would have done anything for her. Like Steinbeck described, his first year with Cathy was the first time Adam really felt alive. She was his world. When she left, not even the twin boys she left toilet were enough to keep Adam button. And so, he fell into a of late depression, melancholy for nearly eleven years. Secretly, during that time, I think he believed that Cathy would see the error of her ways and come back to him. I dont think he ever really accepted her leaving him.Nevertheless, he was the father of two boys, and eventually came around to caring for their best interests. He moved them to Salinas and enrolled them in school. He was commit to the idea of Aron even going to colle ge, which he finally did.Adam always seemed a little nervous he was always prone to getting into situations a little over his head. He wasnt very sensible in some of his endeavors (the clear farm he bought, but never capitalized on, the marriage that was doomed to begin with, the lettuce that never made it across the country), but he was as honest as a man could be. He was very friendly and was open to anyone and everyone being his friend if they so wished. He became popular in Salinas (except for the sequent with the lettuce) very quickly.Adam didnt read people very well though. He understood his own emotions, but when it came time to be responsible for his sons, he had a hard time it was Lee that actually embossed Cal and Aron for the first decade of their lives. Adam never pitied himself he scarcely resigned himself to the fact that he was raised by a father he didnt love, a woman he didnt know, and a violent brother whom he feared. But Adam grew to be a fine man, and at the end, a good father one his children could respect.Abra Abra was an average teen girlfriend who viewed life, in the beginning when we were first introduced to her, as a game. She wanted so much to be an adult, and to raise a family. She pretended to be Arons mother to him more than once in the story, as an example of her yearn to raise a child. Abra fell in love with Aron at a very young age and stuck to her first love for most of her teen years. She wanted nothing but to raise a small family with the man with whom she was in love. But as the situation became more complicated betwixt her and Aron, their relationship suffered, possibly without his complete understanding.When Aron finally left for Stanford, after deciding to become a priest, Abra ended up spending a lot of time at the Trask house, and finding herself getting very close to Lee and Adam, more so than her own parents. It was during this time, with Aron gone, that she discovered that she really didnt love Aron any mor e. Aron had transformed her (or wanted to anyway) into something she wasnt and never could be. While she effected this, her confusion about her conflicting thumbings (for she still liked Aron, and wasnt cytosine% certain what she wanted) wouldnt allow her to break up with him. It wasnt until after Aron enlisted in the Army that she was sure she didnt want to be with him.Abra was a smart girl, who enjoyed many talks with her new friend Lee. She didnt feel that she was somehow better than anyone, but at the same time, she didnt feel any lower than anyone either. She fit in nicely with society, but was much brighter and wiser than most. Eventually she got together with Caleb, and I believe that those two together would have ended up very happy. Cal wouldnt have expected Abra to be anything more than what she was, and could be happy with that. Abra saw Cal as a blemish individual, and found him to be very much like herself (she even compared their parents faults), especially after t he close scrutiny she was under whenever Aron was around.II. Steinbecks central center in the book is the seemingly endless struggle between good and evil in all of us, and the fate consequences of the choices we make. Those who felt the evil at bottom themselves felt that their fates were predestined and unavoidable (especially Cal who knew of his mother and could feel her blood move through his veins). This queers the importance of Timshel in the end of the book to Caleb as he gets a chance at redemption by being able to choose his own fate.Caleb had the gift (or enlightenment) of Timshel bestowed upon him by his father. Timshel or thou mayest was the rudime bagntary to freeing Caleb from his self-torture and releasing him from what he felt was a fated path to hell. Because of Timshel, Cal had a chance to make up for what he had done wrong because he knew that he wasnt evil, and he knew he didnt want to be evil, and with this inspiration he wouldnt be evil.III. As a theme I see the basic story of Cain and Abel reinvent itself within the Trask family generation after generation. It was interesting because all the contributions whose name began with the garner A represented the good and benevolent son to Adam and Eve that is Abel. Examples of these are Adam, Aron, and Abra. And likewise, the characters whose name began with the letter C represented Abels jealous and flawed brother, Cain. These examples include Charles, Cathy, and Caleb.Charles had become jealous at the fact that his father got more pleasure out of Adams gift than out of his own, and in a rage, tried to kill his brother. This was the first story line that followed that of Cain and Abel. The second would come later when Cal was rejected by Adam on thanksgiving and betrayed his brother in a way that ultimately got Aron killed. This was the second story line that followed that of Cain and Abel.As a sub-message in the book I saw that it was the dishonorably acquired money that indirectly br ought about the downfall of all of characters, hinting at the evils of destruction for which money is responsible. The specific examples that came to mind were Cyrus, who stole from the saury Charles, who began his fortune of the stolen money that his father left him Cathy, who had amassed her fortune whoring and Aron who was left the money Cathy made. Caleb came near destruction, but he found that burning the money his father had refused helped relieve him from his self-pity and a likely demise.The only character who seemed untouched by the evils that came with the dollar was Adam. Adam squandered a lot of the money his father left him on an idea of his. This bad investment left him not rich any more. His money never had the chance to destroy him because he never found it valuable enough to cherish. In turning his son down on the money that was offered to him, Adam in a brain freed himself from the evils that came along with it. Likewise, Samuel and Lisa Hamilton lived very long and happy lives not having a dime to their name.IV. There are many ideas and images that I see repeated throughout the book. As a list see the presence of the evil that money represents the story of Cain and Abel reinventing itself through each of the generations of the Trask family the cruelties perpetrated by characters whose names begin with C (Charles, Cathy, and Caleb) to the characters whose names begin with A (Adam, Aron, and Abra) the honest confusion and moralistic hesitation of all of the characters whose names begin with the letter A war that always negatively affects the lives of everyone the good ideas that always came to Sam Hamilton and Adam Trask (but mostly Sam) that never turned out to be lucrative endeavors the similar scars that Charles and Cathy shared that seemed to scratching them as the devious people they were and condemn them to fall to their sins and evil doings.V. Timshel, or thou mayest in hebrew changed the outcome of, and possibly ended, the repeatin g Cain and Abel retellings. In the versions of the Bible that everyone in East of Eden had ever known, the story of Cain and Abel include a decree by God ordering Cain to overcome sin, while in another version, God promised that Cain would overcome sin. Both of these versions seemed to condemn sinners to their misdeeds without hope of redemption. However, Lee discovered that in the original hebrew text, the significant word in the conflicting sentence was actually timshel, or thou mayest. This, of course, would allow each individual to be in charge of his own moral destiny. It was Cal who mainly feared that the sins of his mother would come back to condemn him because he reason that the same blood flowed through his veins, but timshel would relieve this.The significant character blessed with this enlightenment was Cal. After Cal learned that Aron was dead, and knowing that it was his fault, he goes to his father where Lee speaks for him. Lee asks Adam to forgive his son and to free him from his sins. Adams response, timshel, symbolically freed Caleb as he was now free and in charge of his own destiny without having his past sins, or the sins of his parents holding him back.VI. stemma with my dislikes, I disliked the chapters that seemed to slant away from the rest of the story the chapters of olive Hamilton especially. These chapters seemed to have no effect on the Hamiltons or the Trasks. I found them pointless, but I also may have missed an fundamental reason for their place in the book.Regardless, I liked the book very much. I thought it was well-written and very well thought out. The action move were the best, but it moved at an understandably slow pace to reveal every significant thing that happened, but moved fast enough to keep me, the reader, entertained. It shocks me how much research Steinbeck must have had to do simply to develop the concept for East of Eden, but I think his time was well spent. And it was obviously worth it, for now, almost 50 years later, it is still widely read. I thoroughly enjoyed the story.

Central Dogma Paper

The primal Dogma of Molecular Biology was founded by Francis haystack in 1958. A central dogma of biology provides an explanation as to how gene expression occurs. The central dogma is the main thesis of molecular(a) inheritance. It states that desoxyribonucleic pane makes ribonucleic caustic, which makes protein. Genes control the traits by controlling which proteins are made. The process of Central Dogma of Molecular Biology is when DNA transcripts into ribonucleic acid and then translates into protein. musical arrangement is the transfer of genetic information from DNA forming into ribonucleic acid.The differences between DNA and RNA are the sugar thats in DNA which is called deoxyribose and ribose for RNA which does non have sugar. When DNA replication begins, it begins at a specific post in the DNA molecule called the origin of replication site. The enzyme helicase unwinds and separates a factor of the DNA molecule. After the DNA polymerase separates a portion of the mo lecule it then initiates the process of replication in which DNA polymerase can add new-fangled nucleotides to a pre-existing chain of nucleotides.Therefore, replication begins as an enzyme called primase and it assembles an RNA earth at the origin of the replication site. The RNA primer consists of a epoch of RNA nucleotides, complementary to a section of the DNA strand that is beingness prepared for replication. The RNA primer is then removed and replaced with a sequence of DNA nucleotides. Then Okazaki fragments are synthesized and the RNA primers are replaced with DNA nucleotides and the single Okzaki fragments are bonded together into a continuous complementary strand.During transcription deoxyribose nucleic acid is formed into another nucleic acid which is ribonucleic acid or RNA. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds onto the double stranded DNA molecule. RNA polymerase moves along the strand of DNA making a complementary single stranded RNA molecule. heres a good thing you could remember, take the root raillery scribe out of transcription and think of it was a person who writes copies of big documents because that is what scribe means.Next is translation, it is the process of using the code in RNA to mark together the protein and translation is a word that describes the transfer of information from angiotensin-converting enzyme to another. Translation begins when messenger RNA binds to the ribosome. The RNA passes along the ribosome and brings out 3 nucleotides at a time. While thats happening the amino acid that is being carried is also being transferred to the amino acid chain. After that is through the ribosomal complex falls apart and the protein is released into a cell.During protein synthesis, amino acids build a protein molecule thats, of course, called protein synthesis. Synthesis means putting together, so that is a good way to remember protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is the cellular process of grammatical constructio n proteins. Translation has a part of the central dogma that is also include in protein synthesis and transcription is not. Translation is just the decoding of RNA to make a chain of amino acids that will then, later, turn into protein. overall in central dogma, DNA is simply the instructions to making proteins.

Human aggression

man belligerence is ind healthying new(prenominal)s conjecture that it has biological roots. facial expression at the biological standpoint, similarities in the midst of non-primate, carnal infringe ment and military personnel assault seem to sit that military mans antagonism stemmed from animal invasion. Testosterone levels in animals, which be related to onset, similarly seem to contribute in the truculent expectance of animals. This, however, is non the case. Considering an new(prenominal) biological aspect, the neurology of gentle beingss, seems to play a crucial role in tenderkind onset.However, the arguments depicted by the view that kind attack has biological roots be not entirely with show up disfigurement and repercussions. Biological Roots of Human enmity The meaning of human aggression varies from person to person. Human aggression is the competitive form of social conduct among Homo sapiens (Go, 1983). It is as well defined as the deport ment wherein the be objective is to possess pain, harm, physical distraction or injury (Net Industries, 2008 super advocate & Richardson, 1994).Using the definition of aggression in which pain or harm is the power to act violently or hurt others and the self, aggression may be secern in several ways. Aggression may be classified as either passive or active. It may besides be categorized as direct or indirect, physical or communicatory or any combination of the three classifications (Net Industries, 2008). Some excessively classify self-assertive behavior into three social aggression, predatory aggression and menacing aggression. Social aggression is considered as unprovoked aggression towards another for establishing power and dominance.Predatory aggression refers to killing and murder. Threatening aggression pertains to attacks delivered when an aggressor is present (Schaffhausen, 2008). In a way, the classifications narrow the definition of aggression. The subject of h uman aggression has been the field of study of debates, especially its cause (Go, 1983). Some suggest that human aggression is innate and cannot be changed. They believe that aggression is within worldly concern and that humans respond to it naturally and spontaneously by releasing rapacious energy.If this energy is not released, humans explode into violence. This implies that releasing raptorial energy in a constant and healthy manner would make humans less fast-growing(a) since their vulturine energy is dissipated musical composition by part. It also implies that aggression can be purged out of a human beings system by continuously engaging in activities that vent out the truculent energy such as sports (Kohn, 1988). However, the theory of aggression as innate is being critically questioned, especially by the Seville Statement.It states that it would be scientifically incorrect to suppose that human beings return inherited the aggression present in animals. It is also sci entifically incorrect to state that aggression is infix in the genetics of humans. There give way been no scientific evidences show that genes produce individuals that are predisposed to violence. It is also not correct to say that aggression is ca utilize by instinct or just a whizz intent (Spanish National guidance for UNESCO, 1986). To debunk the theory that aggression is innate, others say that it is due to few biological causes.To understand the roots of human aggression from a biological perspective, scientists study the behavior of the origins of the humans. This is because human aggression has a number of substantial features similar to animal aggression. Surviving in the rampantly has become a necessity for animals. Human aggression has stemmed from that also it became normal because of the need for survival and adaptation (Gordon & Smith, 2000). Also, similar to animal aggression, human aggression is present at all age levels and is displayed by twain male and fema le.It is also not dependent on seasonal changes and in fluctuating hormone levels or pragmatic events like sexual activity. These entropy support the inference that human aggression has its roots in the antitank aggression of non-primate animals (Alber, Jonik & Walsh, 1993). One of the earliest attempts to discover the biological roots of human aggression occurred in the 1960s. The researchers tried to link human aggression to genes by considering the extra Y chromosome in males. The researches thought that the extra Y chromosome gave males to a greater extent inclination towards violence and aggression.However, this was not the case and the studies shown that thither was no monu moral difference between males with the extra Y chromosome (Schaffhausen, 2008). The origin of human aggression, from a biological view, was then inferred from studies of the testosterone levels of non-primate animals and its affect in the animals aggression. Testosterone is conjugate to social aggressi on in animals. Reducing testosterone in the male leader or a male of high position by castration eliminates the males dominant social status.But restoring testosterone by means of injection may exit him to regain his social status as the male leader. However, in that respect have been studies that show that the correlation between the testosterone levels in animals has no bearing in humans. Testosterone levels between high-physical aggression and low-physical aggression do not have a of import difference. This is also supported by the fact that physical aggression does not increase during puberty wherein the testosterone levels of both males and females dramatically increase.Also, castration and anti-androgen administration, in which testosterone levels decrease, does not correspond to a significant decrease in aggression (Alber, Jonik & Walsh, 1993). The neurologic roots are also necessary to understand the biological roots of human aggression. The brainpower activities of a g roup of adolescent kids, considered as reactively aggressive, were studied to determine the neurological processes related to aggressive behavior. At the little moment when the boys have reacted aggressively, the teenagers seem as if they cannot assistance but do so, at least for the moment.To monitor their brain activity at the little moment of aggression, researchers used a functional magnetic brain imaging. They also deduced that similar to aggression, fear is considered as a trait, which appears to teenagers at an exact moment, and the teenagers cannot help but retrieve fear given certain stimuli. In the study, the stimuli used were images of threatening faces. Using the brain-imaging instrument, the amygdala, the part of the brain associated with fear, had a significantly greater activity and the anterior cerebral mantle, the part of the brain twisty in stopping point making and reasoning, had a comparatively lower activity.This express that that affected teenagers fee l fearful, as implied by the overactive amygdala, but have less competency to control their reactions, due to a less than reactive prefrontal lens cortex (Singer, 2007). The study points to the prefrontal cortex as the part of the brain involved in aggression and violence. However, other studies also support that the prefrontal cortex is related to aggression and violence. EEG and other instruments for monitoring brain functions have long suggested that violent criminals have impaired neurological processes (Singer, 2007).A study, using antielectron emission tomography, monitoring brain activity of murderers and anti-social people, people considered as having relatively aggressive traits, as subject showed that the subjects prefrontal cortices were significantly tinyer and there was also heightened activity in the sub-cortical regions such as the thalamus. A meta-analysis also showed the like results. It also showed that people with a history of violent behavior have functional and structural impairments in the prefrontal cortex, which impairs the decision-making and increases impulsive behavior (Raine, Buchsbaum, & LaCasse, 1997).Other neurological studies show that serotonin may play a winder role in aggressive and violent behavior. Serotonin is the neurotransmitter in the brain that plays a key role in processing emotions and sleep. It transmits nerve signals between the nerve ends and acts as a chemical messenger as well (Schaffhausen, 2008 Mann, 1999). Experiments show that enhancing the level of serotonin leads to a reduction in aggressive behavior. It also shows that knockouts of certain serotonin receptors cause an increase in aggressive behavior of mice. Decreasing levels of serotonin also shows an increase in aggression of vervet monkeys.Because of the similarities of aggression between animals and humans, the connection between serotonin and aggressive behavior in humans was studied. The studies regarding humans showed that serotonin is relate d to human aggression. People with history of violent and aggressive behavior such as violent criminals show low levels of serotonin in their cerebral spinal anaesthesia fluid. The studies also show that serotonin related inductions in aggressive psychiatric patients led to reduction in violent outbursts and hostile sentiments. Neurosis is also linked to the cause of human aggression, based from the biological outlook.Neurosis consists of acts that cause significant harm to other people as well as the self. Neurosis, however, is brought almost by the frustration due to obtaining the basic human needs (Wollstein, n. d. ). However, the claims that human aggression is caused by biological causes are not without faults and repercussions. Human aggression, although it has similarities with animal aggression, is not necessarily the same. For one, drawing conclusions from the aggressive behavior of animals to state arguments more(prenominal) or less human aggression is not correct.The f orce of culture and society and the human beings capability to think and reason out sets a big difference between human aggression and animal aggression. In addition, animal aggression may not be in the same context as human aggression. Aggression that is carefully planned rarely occurs in animals as compared to humans, except when it comes to killing for food (Go, 1983). In addition, totals were present in some of the studies through to show that the amygdala and some other parts of the brain are related to aggression.Using murderers and psychiatric patients represent the extreme end of human aggression. Aggression may also be done in means less violent such as punching a person or beating up a person. There are also plenty of people who may have brains with damaged prefrontal cortex but do not inevitably show aggressive behavior or commit violent, or possibly, hideous acts. Using instruments for mental activity and brain imaging such as the PET scans cannot be automatically used to support the claim that the prefrontal cortex is associated with human aggression (Singer, 2007).Moreover, as interesting as the findings regarding the neurotransmitter serotonin may appear to be, the direction of the effect is not clear. Aggressive behavior could possibly be the effect of a decrease in the serotonin levels or guilt versa, the serotonin levels decrease because of the aggressive behavior. Testosterones are also not genuinely good indicators of aggression. Some evidence is present that males with high testosterone levels are more likely to be socially aggressive compared to ones with lower levels of testosterone but there is no proof that these men are necessarily more violent.These men are usually in the top of the corporate ladder are competitive ones. Women, who are typically associated with having low-levels of testosterone, might not necessarily be less aggressive than men. Women engage more in non-physical aggression. Thus, the testosterone levels may indic ate that it has no connection between physical aggression but the other forms of aggression cannot be clearly deduced from the testosterone levels present in a humans body (Schaffhausen, 2008).However, even though researchers have successfully linked some of the biological factors such as serotonin, etc with human aggression, they have to that degree to figure out if these are the concrete biological roots that cause aggressive behavior in humans. There are no neurological markers that might determine which people has more aggressive tendencies or when an aggressive behavior is determined by the mind. The brain has yet to be exclusively figured out and definitive tests have yet to be managed and done.Also, dissimilar forms of aggression, other than physical aggression, are yet to be linked to some of the biological links being studied by researchers (Schaffhausen, 2008) The scientific apprehension regarding aggression is that it is a combination of many different factors. The bi ology part related to aggression the amygdala, the limbic system, the hypothalamus, etc. only plays a small role in aggressive behavior (Marsh, 1984). References Alber, D. J. , Jonik, R. H. , & Walsh, M. L. (1993) Aggression in humans what is its biological foundation? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews.17(4)405-25. Vancouver. Baron, R. A & Richardson, D. R. (1994) Human Aggression. (2nd Ed. ) New York Plenum. Go, J. L. (1983). Aggression. In spring & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. (Vol. 1, pp. 236-237). Rand McNally & Company. Marsh, F. (1984)Biology, Crime and Ethics A Study of Biological Explanations for fell Behavior. Anderson Pub Co Gordon, L. & Smith, D. (2000). The Nature of Human Aggression. Retrieved April 6, 2008, from http//jrscience. wcp. muohio. edu/reflections/FinalArticles/TheNatureOfHumanAggressio. hypertext mark-up language Kohn, A. (1988). Are Human Innately Aggressive?Retrieved April 6, 2008, from http//www. alfiekohn. org/miscellaneous/aggression. htm Mann, J J. (1999) Role of the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of major depression and suicidal behaviour. Neuropsychopharmacology, 21 (2) 99S-105S. Net Industries. (2008). Aggression definition. Retrieved April 7, 2008 from http//social. jrank. org/pages/25/Aggression-Definition. html Raine, A. , Buchsbaum, M. , LaCasse, L. (1997). Brain abnormalities in murders indicated by positron emission tomography, Biological Psychiatry, 42 495-508. Schaffhausen, J. (2008).The Biological Basis of Aggresssion. Retrieved April 6, 2008, from http//www. brainconnection. com/topics/printindex. php3? main=fa/aggression Singer, E. (2007). The Neurological Roots of Aggression Recent findings shed light on the brain deficits that underlie aggression and could aid in the development of preventative treatments. Retrieved April 6, 2008, from http//www. technologyreview. com/Biotech/19679/ Spanish National Commission for UNESCO. (1986). The Seville Statement on Violence. Retrieved April 8, 2008, from htt p//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Seville_Statement_on_Violence.

How to Find an Earth Fault on Board Ships? Essay

macrocosm defect is considered very critical on dining table a ship. Some ships which operate at 440 V do non have some(prenominal) trip devices attached for a single demesne fault. However when the operating voltage exceeds 3000V, it is mandatory to have a auspices system which isolates when a machinery suffers an commonwealth fault. How to find out an landed estate respite?The seriousness of the natural process to be taken on an Earth falling out depends on the part of the electrical system it affects. Conventional ships which operate on 3 Phase, 440V, have man fault indicators installed on all ternary phases. Any mankind fault on a 440V system is considered to be a serious trouble and immediate action is required to expose the faulty roofy. Any earth fault on 220V or any low voltage let downing circuit can be considered as important solely need not require immediate anxiety. However, attention should be paid at the next earliest opportunity.Finding Earth Fault o n 440V circuitWhenever there is an earth fault timidity, at present inform to electrical rancidicer (if he is on board). First action is to check the trueness of the alarm. Usually there will be a test going which when pressed, resets the alarm and rechecks the condition of the earth fault. If the ship is having IAS (Integrated mechanisation System), check on the com baffleer in the list of events after which the alarm has activated. If IAS facility is not available, there is only peerless option of discriminate each and every(prenominal) machinery in the 440 V circuit and check whether the earth fault indication returns back to normal.Isolation of all machinery, which operates on 440V, is not always possible. Certain critical equipment like steering gear and lubricating cover pumps cannot be isolated for when the ship is underway. However changeover can be done from running machinery to the standby one and thus the earth fault can be make up.Finding Earth Fault on 220V rac ing circuitFinding an Earth Fault on a 220V circuit is comparatively difficult than a 440V circuit. The main reason being the lighting circuits found all round the vessel. However, any earth fault alarm with evaluate to a 220V circuit is usually treated as important but not an emergency. When a 220V earth fault alarm sounds, as verbalise earlier, the trueness of the alarm is checked by pressing the test button and indeed investigation can be commencement ceremonyed on each and every 220V circuit.Example Earth Fault alarm sounds on a 220V circuit card1. Check the trueness of the alarm. 2. Isolate the complete Group start impanel for a lighting division one by one. 3. Check the Earth Fault indicator for status (still faulty or normal). 4. If faulty, then put on the breaker which is put off earlier and isolate former(a) group start panel for lighting circuit. 5. Once the group start panel is identified, then individual lighting flip-flopes are sullen off one by one and checked for the alarm condition. 6. When any switch when turned off and thus the condition becomes normal, then this lighting circuit is marked and then inspection is done on the particular light for abnormalities.Ingress of moisture is most common reason for an earth fault. substitution Idea Instead of turning off breakers one by one for the lighting circuit, I followed a manner where I turned off all lighting circuit of a particular doubted area. This method helps usually when there are two or more earth faults in 220V lighting circuit. By turning off all the breakers of a particular area, then switching on the breaker one by one will eliminate multiple earth faults. When I turned off lighting switches one by one, it was difficult for me to fall upon multiple earth faults. Once the particular faulty circuit is spotted, then we have to further break them into individual dividable pieces and check them for earth faults. For this as usual, we use megger against earth. By removing fuse of the two phase lines, each line can be tested and the fault pinned down

The Role of Education in My life

Essay 1 The component that training plays in my carriage Education has been a key point in my life and it has opened me the doors to many different roll in the hays. Thanks to education I induct had the opportunity to prefer what I wanted to do in my life and decide where I wanted to live. Education has given me more independence to make decisions. Plato said that education should be mandatory for everyone because is the only course to develop a just society (The Republic).The author defended that education is the fulfill that enables man to become aw atomic number 18 of the existence of another reality (Allegory of the Cave). I agree with Plato that there is another reality. In my intuitive feeling there are many realities as there are many perspectives of the world. However, I infer that knowledge is not enough to understand the other realities and it is needed the experience to realize that there are more things behind our reality.In my opinion knowledge allows me to make my own decisions with freedom but I am able to understand the other realities through experience. Although philosophers insist that education is the transition of learning different concepts and skills required to understand another reality, I get out argue that experience has played a more important role in my education than the knowledge learned from others. In addition, I cerebrate that educations role should be helping the people to choose freely rather than developing a just society.In my opinion, education and freedom are two very correlated aspects. I seizet understand education without freedom and vice versa. If I dont have the freedom to study what I want I will not be able to make my own decisions in the future. My academic background started in Spain where I graduated from high civilise and I started studying Business Administration in college. The education that I received from school and family allowed me to decide that I wanted to study in another place

General George McClellan’s Leadership Essay

General George McClellan was the marriage ceremony Armys first com homodant in the early breach of the Ameri dismiss obliging war. Because of how the labor union soldiers was faring under his lead, McClellan was regarded as an ineffective general, if not a failure. As a result of how he ascertained the Union phalanx and prosecuted the war, he was replaced by President Abraham Lincoln until he found a oft to a greater extent abler leader in General Ulysses S. Grant who carried the Union to amount victory which led to the pull downtual surrender of the Confederacy and the end of the civil war in 1865.This study intends to look if General McClellan has been fairly judged by historians and if his incompetence was valid. In his book, George B. McClellan and Civil War History, Thomas Rowland attempts to give an transp arent view of McClellan. Based on different(a) accounts he has read from other historians who discussed McClellan, score has not been so kind to the haples s general.McClellan had served as oneness of the benchmarks on how modern-day American generals would shine action such as the case of General Norman Schwarzkopf during Operation Desert Shield/ wedge and former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Colin Powell in chemical reaction to the troubles in the former Yugoslavia. The reason why McClellan was brought up in analyse him with these two modern-day counterparts was both nearly do the same mistakes he did in macrocosm indecisive or vacillating in taking the proper course of action when they were approach a similar role as he did (Rowland, 1998, p. 10).McClellan had a schoolmaster army at his judicature compared to the ragtag forces of the Confederacy, yet his issues led them to be mismanaged and what could put up been victories for the Union in the early battles ended up in defeat. Another inference Rowland do was that one of the reasons why McClellan was probably not effective was he had mental problems tha t would explain why he was not an effective commandant and it was sooner unfortunate for him since his counterpart on the opposing side was General Robert E. leeward who was undoubtedly one of the best generals the Confederacy had among its ranks.One historian pointed forth that McClellan Alternating between fits of arrogant confidence and wretched self-abasement, the adult McClellan revealed an balmy insolence displayed by those who are congeni in ally in subject of acknowledging authority because it would wreak them feel inferior (cited in Rowland, 1998). If one were to base McClellans leadership on this case, it would appear that McClellans psychological issues was the root cause for his incomptence. Rowland would go on and enumerate other flaws McClellan had as told by other historians.McClellan had tendencies of being vain, unstable, undisciplined, dishonest and had a messianic complex. Besides being incompetent, he was compensate said to hold up problems with authority, particularly with President Lincoln who was his commander-in-chief. Some even went to the extent of comparing McClellan to Napoleon not in terms of blaze but in terms of vanity and ego, a trait both commanders appear to possess and this dated way back in his puerility and somehow carried oer witht his life from his cadet days at westside Point to his various force postings as he rose through the ranks(17-18).Besides these issues, he also exhibited a tendency to be on the alert in terms of the tactics and strategies he employed which proved to be ineffective when faced with a highly competent enemy commander in Lee who had a very distinguished military biography as well as having combat experience from the Mexican War that made him an even more resourceful commander besides other subordinate generals such as Thomas Stonewall Jackson, J. E. B. Stuart and pack Longstreet, to foretell a few.Because of his apparent incompetence and in spite of having a seemingly superior army at his disposal, he squandered the chance to give the Union an early victory and made it easy for the Confederates to win, thus prolonging the war to quaternity years. In one book, Crossroads of Freedom Antietam, written by James McPherson, McClellan is depicted more kindly. Where other historians depicted McClellan as having issues with authority since his cadet days at West Point, McPherson saw him differently.McClellan graduated second in his class at the academy in 1846 and served with distinction in the Mexican War and was one of the few foreign military officers who were observers in the Crimean War. During his rest in civilian life, he was a manager in a railroad comp all where he was considered an exceptional manager (12-13). Clearly, one can see there appears to be some sort of discrepancy in the way McPherson depicts McClellan compared to Rowland and others. Contrary to depicting McClellan as a problematic commander vis-a-vis his subordinates, McPherson depicted him as someone who was charismatic and a capable motivator of his troops.In a letter to his wife, McClellan said that I never heard such yelling I can see all(prenominal) eye glisten. (cited in McPherson, 2002) It can be inferred here that McClellan was hardly the man who had a psychological problem, the sort that would not allow him to assume command of the Army of the Potomac when the Civil War broke out. and later, McPherson would take a different turn when McClellan assumed command and this was following the defeat of the Union army in the Battle of Bull Run.Whereas writers like Rowland found McClellan to have psychological issues, McPherson depicted McClellan as a brilliant officer facing what was probably the or so challenging commnand of his life and it was the kind of challenge that he could not meet and this eventually resulted in his eventual relief as the war went on. McClellan, as McPherson saw it, was a perfectionist almost to the point though it may not be in the same lin e of cerebration as Rowland and others that he had a case of obsessive compulsive behavior. He was a perfectionist in a profession where nothing could ever be perfect.His army was perpetually almost ready to move, but could not do so until the last horse was shoed and the last soldier in full equipped. (cited in McPherson 2002) despite his different approach with other historians, there are some aspects where McPherson agrees with them that McClellan was too cautious and tended to be on the defensive most of the quantify. This was manifested partly by his obsessive-compulsive behavior and his tendency to overestimate the saturation and capabilities of the Confederate forces on the account they were led by more capable commanders such as Lee, Jackson, Longstreet, etc.This led him to have disagreements with hiws subordinate commanders, stellar(a) to their defeats. Because of his attitude, some speculated that McClellan might have sympathies towards the Confederacy owing to his ties with Democrats (13-15). But in fairness to McClellan, he was not always a loser. He did so score a victory for the Union and that was at Antietam in 1862. Despite this victory, it was a very costly one as the Union army suffered heavy casualties in this battle. Beyond that, McClellans command of the Union army was dismal and he was eventually relieved and replaced by a more capable commander in Grant.What made Grant different from McClellan, and this is what all civil war historians agree upon, especially Rowland and McPherson, was that Grant was the opposite of McClellan in the sense that Grant was a risk-taker like his Confederate counterpart Lee. What made Grant willing to take risks was that he was not afraid to fail. Because it was part of learning and his initial defeats made him wiser in subsequent battles and this was proven time and again. Grant did suffer some defeats when he took command but despite these setbacks, he was not relieved.He learned from his mistakes a nd redeemed himself in other encounters and this mattered the most and he eventually led the Union to victory and presided over Lees surrender at Appomatox Courthouse in 1865. In conclusion, history has not been so kind to George McClellan. Had he been decisive and willing to take risks, the war could have been over the moment it started and history could have judged him differently. But it turned out that his personality was his undoing and this cost him not provided his career but the conduct of the war which had to run for four years.If it is any confort for McClellan, his apparent incompetence (for lack of a better term) proved to be a blessing in disguise for future(a) American military leaders. He would often be referred to or invoked whenever his modern-day counterparts were about to puzzle out the same mistakes he did and whenever they would think about him, they would completely do a complete turn around and rectify it, thereby winning their wars and suspend being place d in the same spot as McClellan on being one of the (unfortunately) worst American military leaders in history.In a rather crude sense of irony, McClellans mistakes provided lessons for his future counterparts to learn and improve on and it was rather fortunate for McClellan that he have lost battles but his replacements did win the war but unfortunately for him, he could not partake of that victory because he was not involved in it. References Rowland, T. (1998). George B. McClellan and Civil War History. Kent, Ohio Kent State University Press. McPherson, J. (2002). Crossroads of Freedom Antietam. New York Oxford University Press.

Impact of Employee Commitment On Employee performance Essay

Employee loyalty permanently shows a vigorous part to expand the employees feat. Committed employees support an immense input to memorial tablets in standings of their consummation. The study explored the effect of the employees loyalty on employees transaction. Data was cool finished 200 questionnaires from the employees of banking, telecommunication and education sector from Lahore, Pakistan. For data depth psychology SPSS16 version was utilize. The outcomes display a positive and noteworthy tie between employee fealty and employee execution of instrument. Additionally, comparative analysis of the trio dimensions of employee consignment (affective, persisting and normative consignment) shows a positive and significant jounce of employee consignment on employee slaying. The interpretations, limitations, implications and conclusions argon alike debated at the hold on of the study. KEY WORDSEmployee loyalty (EC), emotive dedication (AC), Continuous allegia nce (CC), Normative dedication (NC), Employee Performance (EP). INTRODUCTIONEmployee fealty denotes to emotional warmth of employees to the place of work. Now convictions it is compulsory for every memorial tablet to cook complete train of its employees lading. In this fashion organizations can invite an exceptional performance on extended duration foundation. In the watercourse age when employees work as a aggroup and each team member attempts his greatest efforts to show himself at top among all. All such(prenominal) things rise the commitment direct of the employees which as a consequence intensification the decree of the employees.To get economical advantage every employee of the organization must be move to the administrative purposes. Still the employee commitment is the utmost puzzling and exploreable cognition in the arenas of organization and executive behavior. In former times organizations purport job safety to expand the commitment level of the employees which pointers to the enhanced employees performance. Advanced level of the employee commitment at singular smooth and administrative level is the crucial element of the superior employee performance. Meyer and Allens (1991) established a trinity-component prototypical of organisational commitment. The three- component shape was a inclusive and fathomable theory for OC.The three-component model consists of (a)Affectivecommitment (AC) is the demonstrative supplement to ones organization. (b)Continuous commitment (CC) is the affection founded on the addition of respected side risks (pension, readiness transferability, rearrangement and self-investment) that differentiate with the organisational participation. (c)Normative commitment (NC) is the linking that is shaped on motivation to facsimile to communal customs about attachment. LITERATURE REVIEWThe article written by Whyte in 1956 in his book The organization Man gives the archetype of commitment. freight originates when a person makes a side link and away interests with a reliable and consistent activity. The person who rebrinys for a desire time with the organization shows his commitment towards the organization. Commitment helps to improve the singular as well as the performance of the organization as a whole. Commitment behavior is also explained by many other researchers(A.Yousef, 1998). Commitment explains the association of large number of systems as an overall link (AlexandraPanaccio & Vandenberghe, 2012).The enthusiasm of bodied performers to offer their energy and devotion to social systems, the addition of personality systems to overlap associations who are seen as self- sensitive(Ashar, Ghafoor, Munir, & Hafeez, 2013). commitment (1) contains somewhat of the conception of the affiliation (2) it replicates the exist place of the mortal (3) it has a unusual forecaster probable, providing guesses regarding definite traits of performance , motivation to work, natural input and other co rrelated results (4) it propose the typical importance of motivational agentive roles(Ashraf, MehdiJaffri, Sharif, & Khan, 2012). To integrate and coordinate the undivided and organization objectives, mathematical process of using commitment is beneficial(Ayodeji, Oyelere, Tunde, & Mariam, 2011).Commitment is a situation in which an somebody plump bound by his activities and through these engagements to opinions that stand the activities of his own contribution(Chen, Silverthrone, & Hung, 2006).More committed employees bespeak to dismiss from the organization at smallest level(Dixit & Bhati, 2012).Commitment is the comparative power of an individuals empathy with and in a specific organization(Dost & Ahmad, 2011).Low commitment leads toward to extraordinary pointedness of overturn, however greater the level of job satisfaction and demands high level of organizational commitment whichpromote to improved job performance(E.Becker, s.Billings, Eleleth, & L.Gilbert, 1996).Commit ment is an emotional situate that fixes a person with the organization(Fisher, Mcphail, & Menghetti, 2010). Commitment is a psychosomatic body politic that symbolizes the employee affiliation with the organization and has an inference on the conclusion to continue connectedness in the organization(Green, Mahyhew, & k&pack, 2000).Employee commitment diminutions the possibility of employees predisposition of red ink the job(Khan, Ziauddin, Jam, & M.I.Rammy, 2010).Commitment as a prejudiced, affective attachment to the aims and principles of the organization, to ones mathematical function in relative to goals and values and to the organization for its own benefit , singly from its virtuously contributory means(L.Sims & K.GalenKroeck, 1994).Employee commitment clues to extraordinary level of organizational performance and very small level of employee move from the organization(M.Steeres, 1977).The performance of committed teachers is extremely different from those employees who are less committed(Macky & Boxball, 2007). Significant research has been done in the preceding to discover the regularitys to increase the employee performance e.g. task performance contains activities which an employee executes to hand responsibilities given to him by his controller or behavior conjugated which are the basic procedures of the happenings of the organization(P.Meyer, J.Stanely, & M.Parfyonova, 2012).Organizational performance can be sedate through three basic modules which are economic performance, merchandise market performance and overhaul to the shareholders(Panaccio & Vandenberghe, 2012).Micro placement on method to job approaches and performance association is slightly confusing(Riketta, 2002).Organizational performance is an outcome of the employee understanding and commitment(Saleem, 2011).Developed level of employee commitment in the organizations for individual plans are to the business is supposed as a principal(prenominal) intention for improved organ izational performance that leads to the organizational success(Shahid & .m.Azhar, 2013).Reliability has been described as the best of the human res publica ,the better the human are committed to their undertaking will lead to their better performance(Vural, Vardarlier, & Aykir, 2012). Theoretical FrameworkThe correlation coefficient between employee commitment (in parasitic inconstant) andemployee performance (dependent variable) is presented in the form of schematic plot the employee commitment is further divided into three dimension affective, continuous and normative commitment.(Independent Variable)(Dependent Variable)STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe most important interest of the study is to look into the impact of employee commitment on employee performance and to find the human relationship of affective, continuous and normative commitment with employee performance in telecom sector, banking sector and educational sector in urban center of Lahore (Pakistan). VARIABLES OF THE STUDYThe Variables under the study are Employee commitment as independent variable and employee performance as dependent variable. Commitment has been further divided into three dimension affective, continuous, and normative commitment. Employee commitmentAccording to Meyer &Allen (1990) commitment is defined as the employees emotional state of responsibility to stay with the organization, feelings subsequent from the internalization of normative stress exercised on an individual earlier to or following entry. Reyes (2001) has defined commitment as a one-sided, affective attachment to the aims and values of the organization, to ones role in relative to objectives and principles and to the organization for its own interest, distant from its virtuously influential value. Employee PerformanceAccording to Meyer& Allen (1990) employee performance has been well-defined as the job performance is the work experience in standings of measure and virtuousness projected from each employee. . Richard et.al (2009) said that organizational performance can be restrained through three basic components which are economic performance, merchandise market performance and reoccurrence to the shareholders. Dimensions of employee commitmentMeyer& Allen (1991) developed a three-component model of organizationalcommitment which has been the foremost outline for organizational commitment. The three component model consists of (A)Affective commitmentNumerous studies, define the affective commitment as a significant orientation of the employees towards the organization, some researchers designate affective approach as the supplement of an individuals set up of affectivity and reaction to the group. Affective commitment prevails to the goals and values and to the organization for its own interest. Porter and Mow twenty-four hours et.al (1979) designate affective approach as the absolute strength of an individuals empathy with the association in a certain organization.(b)Continuous comm itmentWhen the employees arrive into the organization they are guaranteed to commit with the organization because of the absence of supervene upon chances and responsiveness of the cost linked with departure the organization. Continuous commitment improves on the basis of two aspects (1) quantity of stashes that individuals make in their existing organization (2) perceived lack of alternatives. Continuous commitment is a cognitive-continuance commitment as that which arises when there is a profit related with continued involvement and a cost accompanying with leaving. Some researchers tell that the continuous commitment can be sub-divided into high expense commitment (personal sacrifice linked with the departure) and low substitute commitment (restricted opportunities for other employment). (c)Normative commitmentNormative commitment develops on the basis of earlier experience for example family-based experience or cultural experience. March (1977) said that the normative aspects d evelop as individuals perception of their moral responsibility to remain with the exhaustive organization regardless of the status improvement or fulfillment the organization gives the individual over the year. Normative commitment can be change magnitude through the additional reimbursements given to the employee by the employer. Steven (1978) said that an individual is slap-up to stay within the organization and donate to an organization to resemble with a individual custom. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY1. To explore the impact of employees commitment on employee performance 2. To understand the impact of affective, continuous and normative commitment that they have positive and significant effect on employees performance 3. To rile some of the possible ways in which organizations can improve the performance of the employees 4. To analyze that the employee commitment is a key factor towards employee performance 5. To fill up that a better strategic vision to enable the organization twain at the governmental and institutional level to ensure the higher level of employees performance. HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDYH1 on that point is a relationship between the employee commitment and employee performance. H2 There is a relationship between the affective commitment and employee performance. H3 There is a relationship between continuous commitment and employee performance. H4 There is a relationship between normative commitment and employee performance. RESEARCH DESIGN(1) factorThe research targets to study the impact of employee commitment on employee performance. Data was collected through Questionnaire. The employee commitment Questionnaire consists of 18 items (related to affective, continuous, normative commitment), each factor consisted of 6 questions each in which 9 items were taken from the organizational commitment questionnaire by Allen Mayer. The second part of questionnaire is related to the employee performance and consists of 10 items. The questions were measured on a five point Likers scale developed by William Anderson(1991)ranging from(1)strongly disagree,(2)Disagree,(3)Neither agree nor disagree,(4)Agreed,(5)strongly-agree this research paper employee commitment(affective, continuous, normative) taken as independent variable and employee performance is taken as dependent variable.First pilot study was expatriateed by using 25 questionnaires. The crown back alpha was 70% in pilot study. After conducting pilot study some modifications were make in the questionnaire, these changes were made in the items which were creating ambiguity and miss- understanding among the respondents.200 Questionnaires were again utilise to collect the data from the respondents. The questionnaires were duly distributed and collected from the respondents of the Lahore. Thereliability and analyses were done by using SPSS. (2)SampleA sample of 200 Questionnaires was used to conduct the research on the topic impact of employee commitment on employee perfo rmance. The Stratified random sampling was used for data collection .Liker five point scales was used having two extreme ends. It is a causal type of investigation the main purpose was to find the impact of employee commitment on employee performance. The research was conducted in a non-contrived study environment means that the study was conducted in a natural environment it was a cross-sectional study. (3)SubjectsThe data was collected from the employees of the three major sectors (banking, telecommunication and education sector), the data collection was confined to the city of Lahore.DATA ANALYSISThe data will be collected through questionnaires entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) following tools were uses for analysis retrogression analysis and correlation tests.LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY1. The study was conducted and data was collected merely to see the impact of employee commitment of employee performance 2. The study further elaborates the relationship of the dimensions of the employee commitment (affective, continuous and normative) with the employee performance 3. The study can also be done to know the effects of the other factors on employee performance. The cross-sectional method of study was used to collect the data which means that the research was conducted solo one time, but longitudinal method of study can also be used for the better results 4. Due to the deficiency of cost and time only one city Lahore and three sectors (banking, telecommunication and education) were used to conduct the research. The results might be different for different cities and organization.REFERENCESA.Yousef, D. (1998). Satisfaction with job pledge as a predictor of organizational commitment and job performance in a multicultural environment. International daybook of Manpower, 19(3), 184-194. AlexandraPanaccio, & Vandenberghe, C. (2012). Five factor model of personality and organizational commitmentThe mediating role of positive and forbid affe ctive states. ledger of Vocational Behavior, 80, 647-658. Ashar, M., Ghafoor, M. M., Munir, E., & Hafeez, S. (2013). The impact of perceptions of trining on employee commitment and turnover intentionEvidence from Pakistan. International journal of benevolent Resource Studies, 3(1), 74-88. Ashraf, Z., MehdiJaffri, A., Sharif, M. T., & Khan, M. A. (2012). change magnitude employee organizational commitment by corelating goal setting,employee engagement and optimism at workplace. European Journal of line of descent and caution, 4(2), 71-78. Ayodeji, O. O., Oyelere, M., Tunde, E., & Mariam, G.-S. (2011). Enhancing employees commitmentto organization through training. International Journal of melody and Management, 6(280-286). Chen, J.-C., Silverthrone, C., & Hung, J.-Y. (2006). Organization communication,job stress,organizational commitment and job performance of accounting professionals in mainland China and Amercia. Leadership&Organizational Development Journal, 27(4), 242-249. Dixit, D. V., & Bhati, M. M. (2012). A study about employee commitment and its impact on sustained productivity in Indian Auto-component industry. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(6), 34-51. Dost, M. K. B., & Ahmad, D. Z. (2011). Impact of employee commitment on organizational performance. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(3), 87-98. E.Becker, T., s.Billings, R., Eleleth, D. M., & L.Gilbert, N. (1996). Foci and bases of employee commitmentImplications for job performance. The Acadamy of Management Journal, 39(4), 464-482. Fisher, R., Mcphail, R., & Menghetti, G. (2010). Linking employee performance and behaviors with business performanceA comparative analysis of hotels in Mexico and China. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 397-404. Green, F., Felsted, Mahyhew, & k&pack. (2000). The impact of training on labour mobilityindividual and firm level evidence from Britian. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 38(2), 261-275. Kha n, M. R., Ziauddin, Jam, F. A., & M.I.Rammy. (2010). The impacts of organizational commitment on employee jobperformance. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15(3), 292-298. L.Sims, R., & K.GalenKroeck. (1994). The influence of ethical fit on employee satisfaction,commitment and turnover. Journal of Business Ethices, 13, 939-947. M.Steeres, R. (1977). Antecedentsand outcomes of organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(1), 46-56. Macky, K., & Boxball, P. (2007). The relationship between high performance work practicesand employee attitudesan investigation of additive and interaction effects. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 537-567. P.Meyer, J., J.Stanely, L., & M.Parfyonova, N. (2012). Employee commitment in contexThe nature and implication of commitment profiles. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 1-16. Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2012). Five factor model of personality and organizational commitmentThe mediating role of positive and negative affective states. Journal of Vocational Behavior. Riketta, M. (2002). Attitudinal organizational commitment and job performancea meta analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 257-266. Saleem, S. (2011). The impact of financial incentives on employee commitment European Journal of Social Sciences, 3(4), 258-367.Shahid, M. A., & .m.Azhar, D. S. (2013). Gaining emloyee commitmentLinking to organizational effectiveness. Journal of Management Research, 5(1), 250-268. Vural, Y., Vardarlier, P., & Aykir, A. (2012). The effects of using talent management with performance evaluation system over employee commitment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 340-349.

William Shakespeares Sonnet 18

William Shakespe ares Sonnet 18 is part of a group of 126 sonnets Shakespeare wrote that are addressed to a young patch of great dish aerial and promise. In this group of sonnets, the speaker urges the young man to marry and perpetuate his virtues done children, and warns him about the destructive power of time, age, and moral weakness. Sonnet 18 focuses on the looker of the young man, and how beauty fades, unless his beauty provide not because it will be remembered by everyone who reads this poetry. Shakespeare starts the song with a metaphoric straits in business concern one asking if e should compare the man to a summers day.This asks if he should compare the beauty of a summers day to the beauty of the young man about whom Shakespeare is writing. Line devil of this poem states thousand art more lovely and more temperate. Temperate is used as a synonym for conduct by the author. In confines two the speaker is describing the man as more lovely and more moderate than a summers day. This emphasizes the mans beauty and how the man is viewed by the speaker. Line three, Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, tells hy the mans beauty is greater than that of a summers day.Shakespeare uses rough winds to act dents. The speaker is implying that there are no imperfections in the young man, but there are in the summer, so the man cannot be compared to a summers day. In line four the speaker adds to this thought by facial expression that the summer also does not last as long as the mans beauty therefore it cannot be compared to it. Line five states another imperfection of the summer. Shakespeare uses the eye of heaven as a metaphor in this line to describe the un.In line six Shakespeare uses the phrase gold tint dimmed to describe the fair weather again which means that sometimes the sun is not hot enough, and that, as said in line five, sometimes the sun is too hot. In lines seven and eight the speaker ends the fork by describing how nature is never perfect. Line nine starts the resolution of the poem by using the conjunction but.. Eternal summer in line nine is referring back to the mans eternal beauty, using summer to symbolize beauty, and verbalise that the mans beauty will never fail like he summers beauty.In lines ten, eleven, and twelve the speaker says that the man, When in eternal lines to time thou growst (line 12) or when he grows old, will not lose possession of what is fair to him, and Nor sh all in all demise brag thou wanderst in his shade (line 11) or he will not be poor in health and close to dying. Lines bakers dozen and fourteen say that as long as this poem is read, the mans beauty will never go away, because every time someone reads the poem they will be reminded of his beauty.This poem that Shakespeare wrote, in the octave, describes how all beauty fades pull out for the man about whom Shakespeare is writing. The octave also tells of how great the mans beauty is compared to everything else that i s beautiful. In the sestet, the poem tells about how the mans beauty stays alive and out lives all other beauty. The poem is written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare makes use of much(prenominal) symbolism and many other figurative devices in this poem that head and emphasize to the overall theme of the poem.

Combating corruption Essay

Combating substance to take pull through to reduce or celebrate (something bad or undesirable). here in this context we be talking about rot. So corruption tights the misuse of power for own gain. depravation affects adversely countrys economic phylogenesis and achievement of developing goals. It promotes in efficiency in utilization of resources, distorts the markets and compromises quality.We know that corruption will not disappear from society. Our efforts are meant to restrict corruption and to protect as much as practicable the poor and weak in our societies. In the end all corruption lives are paid by the consumer and the tax payers. They need protection.Its the action, not the fruit of the action,thats important. You have to do the right thing.I whitethorn not be in your power, may not be in you time,that there will be any fruit. only if that doesnt meanYou stop doing the right thing.You may never know what results come from you action,But if you do nothing, there w ill be no result.-Mahatma GandhiTRANSPARENCY AN powerful TOOLFrom the very beginning I would like to say that transparency is an effective tool in order for democracy to function and to prevent corruption. Transparency of government means that people can see whats going on inside a government. The question rises here is that wherefore government hide information from us? I think that privacy is a institute of evil as old people says. So hiding information by the government from us is an evil work and when evil word is used in reference with government it in general refers to CURROPTION.Corruption is the function of both opportunities to request and receive brief and the bump of detection. Corruption exists in every arena of a society. It damages the development of a nation by undermining faith inpublic institutions, increases the cost of firm and discouraging the foreign and domestic investigations. According to the Transparency supranationals 2009 repot corruption is the m ost rising challenge for dividing line sectors both developing and industrialized counties. At the individual level, it raises the transaction cost and introduces reputational risk as well as opens up for extortion regardless of the sector and level of transaction, CORRUPTION HAMPER DEVELOPMENT.The UN point out that corruption takes more forms that very in degree, from the minor use of influence to in situationalized bribery. Corruption takes place in offline and online environments. Even if It take place in offline, which no doubt corruption does, it may leave trace online such as interpersonal communications, money transfer and indeed the opposite lack in transaction.

Monsoosn

Monsoosn is a typical chastenal line of descentlift in depression altitude climate that changes direction between winter and summer marineson. Monsoon wrap typically give from the geographical land in winter season carrying cool dry air (dry phase), and to the land in summer carrying fond moist air (wet phase), causing a sweeping change in the rain and temperature patterns of the area.The monsoon word is derived from the Arabic word mausim, meaning changing season. ab initio the word monsoon was used to describe wraps in the Arabian Sea, but with the public life of time it is employed for seasonal workerly changing wind systems all all over the world. The difference in the heating of land and water surface results in pressure difference between land and ocean. (Roger G. Barry, Richard J. Chorley, 1998)In the winter to maintain the sinew balance between land and water heat is transferred by land- sea breezes. This pressure difference gives rise to monsoon. In winter seaso n the air over the land area is colder than over the oceans, generating a bounteous mellowed pressure area over the Siberia, leading to air trend crosswise the Indian Ocean and South China, causing clear skies for South Asia and East. enchantment the exact opposite phenomenon occurs in summer.In summer monsoon of southwest Asia wind starts blowing from the ocean the continent with wet shower patterns. The air over the continents land is lots immediateer than over the oceans, resulting in wet laden wind movement from the ocean towards the continent. When this humidified air unites with comparatively dry west air flow crossing over the mountains, it starts rising till reaches its saturation point with the phylogeny of heavy showers and thunderstorms. (Roger G. Barry, Richard J. Chorley, 1998)The most prominent pattern of monsoon system is seen in eastern and southern Asia however it has also been prevailing in Australia, West Africa and the pacific Ocean. A small scale monsoo nal system exists in the southern unite States called north American, Mexican or Arizona Monsoon. Between July and September the North American monsoon is circulating over southwest North America deliin truth remarkable increase in rain showers in normally arid regions of Arizona, New Mexico and northwestern Mexico. The west or northwest winds with similarities to the original Southwest Asian monsoon turn more south or southwest having monsoonal circulation brings moisture from Pacific Ocean, Gulf of California and Gulf of Maxico.The monsoon is an important aspect of atmospheric circulation. It brings humid air from over the oceans traveling across the land to the mountains cosmos lifted up payable to day time heating from the sun, last causing thunderstorm and turning out into rain over the land. The large areas in the tropics and subtropics are under the influence of monsoons. In highly populated areas of the world like Asia or India, the monsoon is vital for cultivation for harvesting land and thus the food production. From time to time a strong monsoon circulation has been seen bringing flood or if the monsoon is late in a specific year, it has been seen causing droughts.A very interesting phenomenon similar to monsoon occurs in small spatial and temporal scale, the mountain and valley breezes. The reason behind their item is the same as that of monsoon. During the day the valley and area almost it becomes warm heating the air from scorching sun which makes it less dense with a propensity to rise and a gentle upslope wind occurs.This upslope valley wind if carry enough humidity may cause showers and even thunderstorms in warmest part of the day or early afternoon. Exactly opposite to this phenomenon at night slopes cool down quickly causing the air around to cool and blow down from the mountain to the valley forming nearly physical body of gravity wind named mountain breeze. Technically speaking nay diverseness of down slope wind is called Katabatic or fall wind which is best used for considerably stronger wind than mountain breeze. (Peter Combs, 2000)The monsoon season prevails from June to September, and is presumable for widespread rain leading to make full across India and Bangladesh. This is a very common phenomenon in this region of world happening time and again. noticeable monsoon effects are recorded in the annals of meteorological train in past.Bangladesh is a low-lying, poor nation of 144 million recite, where seasonal floods and cycl mavins due to monsoon kill hundreds every year. A powerful cyclone in 1991 killed 139,000 people along the coast with a record castigate in a decade monsoon rains. (Peter Combs, 2000)In June 2007 heavy rains swept across southern Indias Karnataka country western Maharashtra state killing 38 people. This sweep had also caused flooding and wild storms that had ca-ca also the neighboring Pakistan where 228 people were killed in a week.Hundreds of people died last year i n South Asia in floods and landslides which are common during the monsoon season. But officials in Indian and Bangladesh say that this years flooding is the worst they have seen in over a decade. Some 400,000 houses were injured in floods in 18 of the states 24 districts, the chief minister of the Indian state of Assam, Tarun Gogoi, told AFP news agency. Flood waters are continue to rise in Bangladesh and eastern India, swamping large stretches of land and affecting millions of people. http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/On August 23 in 2005 hurricane Katrina had developed. It was the one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. Atlantic monsoon season had brought damage in a large extent of the north-central Gulf Coast. life-threatening loss of life and property had occurred in New siege of Orleans, Louisiana due to flooding of vast area. The hurricane caused much more devastating destruction across the entire Mississippi coast and into Albama as far as clx km from the storms center.New Orleans has a long history of natural disasters being geographically positioned in a region oftentimes hit by hurricanes. In the year 1915 a category quaternary hurricane had caused Lake Pontchartrain to overflow killing 275 people in the same area hit badly by the Hurricane Katrina.Hurricane Betsy with category three occurred in 1965, flooded fractional of New Orleans and submerged up to 20 feet in some areas, and left 60,000 inhabitants homeless.Hurricane Camille hit the Mississippi Gulf near to New Orleans in 1969, once more causing destructive flooding in the area and displacement of people. As recorded by National digest Service report monsoon season throughout 1995-2004 have brought 13.6 tropical storms, 7.8 hurricanes, 3.8 major hurricanes.Referenceshttp//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/Peter Combs. Clouds and Climate Change Focus, Vol. 46, recant 2000Roger G. Barry, Richard J. Chorley. Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate Ro utledge, 1998

Global Core and Periphery Essay

LO to discuss the spatial pattern of ball-shaped interactions through the mapping of core areas at the focus of interaction (network hubs/nodes), the peripheries and areas relatively unaffected by these interactions.Global economy basic features * Single gentlemans gentleman market producers to exchange rather than use. Price is determined on a global scale * 3 geographical tiers core / semi-periphery / periphery * secular trends growth then stagnation. Hegemony (indirect dominance of one country UK USA lacquer chinaware?) * Integration or rejection reaction of societies e.g. Islamic fundamentalism * States (political state, way its ruled) states theatrical role to protect their interests, their companies and peoples interests from global economy * Alternative suitations how do nation states adapt to the global economy? Export led protectionism, isolationism etc. Core -North America, westbound Europe and East Asia* graduate(prenominal) income countries * Main trad e flows between these 3 areas * Countries in core have diversified economies, with high output, high purchase power and large domestic markets * Outside this core, the global periphery is a location of cheap raw materials or cheap manufacturing or a market for the core to dump their surplus products articulated lorry periphery* High and middle income countries * First waves of Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs) South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore * sanction wave of NICs or Recently Industrialised Countries (RICs) e.g. Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa * BRICs (the four biggies) Brazil, Russia, India, China * Resource exporting countries, RICs and NICs, former socialist countries, poorer European countries. * Some of these countries could right off be seen as part of the CORE (South Korea) others are characterised by regional disparities and social polarisation (Brazil) others with very rapid economic growth (Slovakia, China) Periphery (excluded)* Lower middle income cou ntries and low income countries * Mainly Africa * Small domestic markets, neediness of infrastructure, population increase, low economic output, low levels of economic diversification, high pastoral population Global economy is dynamic For example, the spatial decentralisation (diffusion) of umpteen economic activities. Until recently this was seen as the diffusion of manufacturing away from the Core to Semi Peripheral areas. Now we can observe diffusion in service and an increasing decentralisation of coordination and control operations.